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1. Effect of Opioids vs NSAIDs and Larger vs Smaller Chest Tube Size on Pain Control and Pleurodesis Efficacy Among Patients With Malignant Pleural Effusion: The TIME1 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Najib M Rahman.;Justin Pepperell.;Sunita Rehal.;Tarek Saba.;Augustine Tang.;Nabeel Ali.;Alex West.;Gihan Hettiarachchi.;Dipak Mukherjee.;Johnson Samuel.;Andrew Bentley.;Lee Dowson.;Jonathan Miles.;C Frank Ryan.;Ken Y Yoneda.;Anoop Chauhan.;John P Corcoran.;Ioannis Psallidas.;John M Wrightson.;Rob Hallifax.;Helen E Davies.;Y C Gary Lee.;Melissa Dobson.;Emma L Hedley.;Douglas Seaton.;Nicky Russell.;Margaret Chapman.;Bethan M McFadyen.;Rachel A Shaw.;Robert J O Davies.;Nick A Maskell.;Andrew J Nunn.;Robert F Miller.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷24期2641-53页
For treatment of malignant pleural effusion, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are avoided because they may reduce pleurodesis efficacy. Smaller chest tubes may be less painful than larger tubes, but efficacy in pleurodesis has not been proven.
2. Ovarian Suppression With Triptorelin During Adjuvant Breast Cancer Chemotherapy and Long-term Ovarian Function, Pregnancies, and Disease-Free Survival: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Matteo Lambertini.;Luca Boni.;Andrea Michelotti.;Teresa Gamucci.;Tiziana Scotto.;Stefania Gori.;Monica Giordano.;Ornella Garrone.;Alessia Levaggi.;Francesca Poggio.;Sara Giraudi.;Claudia Bighin.;Carlo Vecchio.;Mario Roberto Sertoli.;Paolo Pronzato.;Lucia Del Mastro.; .
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷24期2632-40页
Whether the administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues (LHRHa) during chemotherapy is a reliable strategy to preserve ovarian function is controversial owing to both the lack of data on long-term ovarian function and pregnancies and the safety concerns about the potential negative interactions between endocrine therapy and chemotherapy.
3. Maintenance Therapy With Tumor-Treating Fields Plus Temozolomide vs Temozolomide Alone for Glioblastoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Roger Stupp.;Sophie Taillibert.;Andrew A Kanner.;Santosh Kesari.;David M Steinberg.;Steven A Toms.;Lynne P Taylor.;Frank Lieberman.;Antonio Silvani.;Karen L Fink.;Gene H Barnett.;Jay-Jiguang Zhu.;John W Henson.;Herbert H Engelhard.;Thomas C Chen.;David D Tran.;Jan Sroubek.;Nam D Tran.;Andreas F Hottinger.;Joseph Landolfi.;Rajiv Desai.;Manuela Caroli.;Yvonne Kew.;Jerome Honnorat.;Ahmed Idbaih.;Eilon D Kirson.;Uri Weinberg.;Yoram Palti.;Monika E Hegi.;Zvi Ram.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷23期2535-43页
Glioblastoma is the most devastating primary malignancy of the central nervous system in adults. Most patients die within 1 to 2 years of diagnosis. Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) are a locoregionally delivered antimitotic treatment that interferes with cell division and organelle assembly.
4. Autologous Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation for Refractory Crohn Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Christopher J Hawkey.;Matthieu Allez.;Miranda M Clark.;Myriam Labopin.;James O Lindsay.;Elena Ricart.;Gerhard Rogler.;Montserrat Rovira.;Jack Satsangi.;Silvio Danese.;Nigel Russell.;John Gribben.;Peter Johnson.;Jerome Larghero.;Catherine Thieblemont.;Sandro Ardizzone.;Daan Dierickx.;Adalberto Ibatici.;Timothy Littlewood.;Francesco Onida.;Urs Schanz.;Severine Vermeire.;Jean-Frederic Colombel.;Jean-Paul Jouet.;Elizabeth Clark.;Riccardo Saccardi.;Alan Tyndall.;Simon Travis.;Dominique Farge.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷23期2524-34页
Case reports and series suggest hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may benefit some patients with Crohn disease.
5. Effect of Transfusion of Red Blood Cells With Longer vs Shorter Storage Duration on Elevated Blood Lactate Levels in Children With Severe Anemia: The TOTAL Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Aggrey Dhabangi.;Brenda Ainomugisha.;Christine Cserti-Gazdewich.;Henry Ddungu.;Dorothy Kyeyune.;Ezra Musisi.;Robert Opoka.;Christopher P Stowell.;Walter H Dzik.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷23期2514-23页
Although millions of transfusions are given annually worldwide, the effect of red blood cell (RBC) unit storage duration on oxygen delivery is uncertain.
6. Effect of Metformin Added to Insulin on Glycemic Control Among Overweight/Obese Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Ingrid M Libman.;Kellee M Miller.;Linda A DiMeglio.;Kathleen E Bethin.;Michelle L Katz.;Avni Shah.;Jill H Simmons.;Michael J Haller.;Sripriya Raman.;William V Tamborlane.;Julie K Coffey.;Ashleigh M Saenz.;Roy W Beck.;Kristen J Nadeau.; .
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷21期2241-50页
Previous studies assessing the effect of metformin on glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes have produced inconclusive results.
7. Early Administration of Azithromycin and Prevention of Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Preschool Children With a History of Such Illnesses: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Leonard B Bacharier.;Theresa W Guilbert.;David T Mauger.;Susan Boehmer.;Avraham Beigelman.;Anne M Fitzpatrick.;Daniel J Jackson.;Sachin N Baxi.;Mindy Benson.;Carey-Ann D Burnham.;Michael Cabana.;Mario Castro.;James F Chmiel.;Ronina Covar.;Michael Daines.;Jonathan M Gaffin.;Deborah Ann Gentile.;Fernando Holguin.;Elliot Israel.;H William Kelly.;Stephen C Lazarus.;Robert F Lemanske.;Ngoc Ly.;Kelley Meade.;Wayne Morgan.;James Moy.;Tod Olin.;Stephen P Peters.;Wanda Phipatanakul.;Jacqueline A Pongracic.;Hengameh H Raissy.;Kristie Ross.;William J Sheehan.;Christine Sorkness.;Stanley J Szefler.;W Gerald Teague.;Shannon Thyne.;Fernando D Martinez.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷19期2034-2044页
Many preschool children develop recurrent, severe episodes of lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI). Although viral infections are often present, bacteria may also contribute to illness pathogenesis. Strategies that effectively attenuate such episodes are needed.
8. Panretinal Photocoagulation vs Intravitreous Ranibizumab for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: .;Jeffrey G Gross.;Adam R Glassman.;Lee M Jampol.;Seidu Inusah.;Lloyd Paul Aiello.;Andrew N Antoszyk.;Carl W Baker.;Brian B Berger.;Neil M Bressler.;David Browning.;Michael J Elman.;Frederick L Ferris.;Scott M Friedman.;Dennis M Marcus.;Michele Melia.;Cynthia R Stockdale.;Jennifer K Sun.;Roy W Beck.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷20期2137-2146页
Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is the standard treatment for reducing severe visual loss from proliferative diabetic retinopathy. However, PRP can damage the retina, resulting in peripheral vision loss or worsening diabetic macular edema (DME).
9. Effect of Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided vs Angiography-Guided Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation: The IVUS-XPL Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Sung-Jin Hong.;Byeong-Keuk Kim.;Dong-Ho Shin.;Chung-Mo Nam.;Jung-Sun Kim.;Young-Guk Ko.;Donghoon Choi.;Tae-Soo Kang.;Woong-Chol Kang.;Ae-Young Her.;Yong Hoon Kim.;Seung-Ho Hur.;Bum-Kee Hong.;Hyuckmoon Kwon.;Yangsoo Jang.;Myeong-Ki Hong.; .
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷20期2155-63页
Use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) promotes better clinical outcomes for coronary intervention in complex coronary lesions. However, randomized data demonstrating the clinical usefulness of IVUS are limited for lesions treated with drug-eluting stents.
10. Effect of Clopidogrel and Aspirin vs Aspirin Alone on Migraine Headaches After Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure: The CANOA Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Josep Rodés-Cabau.;Eric Horlick.;Reda Ibrahim.;Asim N Cheema.;Marino Labinaz.;Najaf Nadeem.;Mark Osten.;Mélanie Côté.;Josep Ramon Marsal.;Donald Rivest.;Alier Marrero.;Christine Houde.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷20期2147-54页
The occurrence of new-onset migraine attacks is a complication of transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. It has been suggested that clopidogrel may reduce migraine attacks after ASD closure.
11. Endovascular Revascularization and Supervised Exercise for Peripheral Artery Disease and Intermittent Claudication: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Farzin Fakhry.;Sandra Spronk.;Lijckle van der Laan.;Jan J Wever.;Joep A W Teijink.;Wolter H Hoffmann.;Taco M Smits.;Jerome P van Brussel.;Guido N M Stultiens.;Alex Derom.;P Ted den Hoed.;Gwan H Ho.;Lukas C van Dijk.;Nicole Verhofstad.;Mariella Orsini.;Andre van Petersen.;Kristel Woltman.;Ingrid Hulst.;Marc R H M van Sambeek.;Dimitris Rizopoulos.;Ellen V Rouwet.;M G Myriam Hunink.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷18期1936-44页
Supervised exercise is recommended as a first-line treatment for intermittent claudication. Combination therapy of endovascular revascularization plus supervised exercise may be more promising but few data comparing the 2 therapies are available.
12. Effect of Financial Incentives to Physicians, Patients, or Both on Lipid Levels: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: David A Asch.;Andrea B Troxel.;Walter F Stewart.;Thomas D Sequist.;James B Jones.;AnneMarie G Hirsch.;Karen Hoffer.;Jingsan Zhu.;Wenli Wang.;Amanda Hodlofski.;Antonette B Frasch.;Mark G Weiner.;Darra D Finnerty.;Meredith B Rosenthal.;Kelsey Gangemi.;Kevin G Volpp.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷18期1926-35页
Financial incentives to physicians or patients are increasingly used, but their effectiveness is not well established.
13. Effect of Vericiguat, a Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator, on Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Patients With Worsening Chronic Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: The SOCRATES-REDUCED Randomized Trial.
作者: Mihai Gheorghiade.;Stephen J Greene.;Javed Butler.;Gerasimos Filippatos.;Carolyn S P Lam.;Aldo P Maggioni.;Piotr Ponikowski.;Sanjiv J Shah.;Scott D Solomon.;Elisabeth Kraigher-Krainer.;Eliana T Samano.;Katharina Müller.;Lothar Roessig.;Burkert Pieske.; .
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷21期2251-62页
Worsening chronic heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem.
15. Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy Among Nevirapine-Exposed HIV-Infected Children in South Africa: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Ashraf Coovadia.;Elaine J Abrams.;Renate Strehlau.;Stephanie Shiau.;Francoise Pinillos.;Leigh Martens.;Faeezah Patel.;Gillian Hunt.;Wei-Yann Tsai.;Louise Kuhn.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷17期1808-17页
Advantages of using efavirenz as part of treatment for children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) include once-daily dosing, simplification of co-treatment for tuberculosis, preservation of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir for second-line treatment, and harmonization of adult and pediatric treatment regimens. However, there have been concerns about possible reduced viral efficacy of efavirenz in children exposed to nevirapine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission.
16. Anticholinergic vs Long-Acting β-Agonist in Combination With Inhaled Corticosteroids in Black Adults With Asthma: The BELT Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Michael E Wechsler.;Barbara P Yawn.;Anne L Fuhlbrigge.;Wilson D Pace.;Michael J Pencina.;Gheorghe Doros.;Shamsah Kazani.;Benjamin A Raby.;Jane Lanzillotti.;Suzanne Madison.;Elliot Israel.; .
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷16期1720-30页
The efficacy and safety of long-acting β-agonists (LABAs) have been questioned. Black populations may be disproportionately affected by LABA risks.
17. Naproxen With Cyclobenzaprine, Oxycodone/Acetaminophen, or Placebo for Treating Acute Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Benjamin W Friedman.;Andrew A Dym.;Michelle Davitt.;Lynne Holden.;Clemencia Solorzano.;David Esses.;Polly E Bijur.;E John Gallagher.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷15期1572-80页
Low back pain (LBP) is responsible for more than 2.5 million visits to US emergency departments (EDs) annually. These patients are usually treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, opioids, or skeletal muscle relaxants, often in combination.
18. Early Physical Therapy vs Usual Care in Patients With Recent-Onset Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Julie M Fritz.;John S Magel.;Molly McFadden.;Carl Asche.;Anne Thackeray.;Whitney Meier.;Gerard Brennan.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷14期1459-67页
Low back pain (LBP) is common in primary care. Guidelines recommend delaying referrals for physical therapy.
19. Effect of Noninvasive Ventilation vs Oxygen Therapy on Mortality Among Immunocompromised Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Virginie Lemiale.;Djamel Mokart.;Matthieu Resche-Rigon.;Frédéric Pène.;Julien Mayaux.;Etienne Faucher.;Martine Nyunga.;Christophe Girault.;Pierre Perez.;Christophe Guitton.;Kenneth Ekpe.;Achille Kouatchet.;Igor Théodose.;Dominique Benoit.;Emmanuel Canet.;François Barbier.;Antoine Rabbat.;Fabrice Bruneel.;Francois Vincent.;Kada Klouche.;Kontar Loay.;Eric Mariotte.;Lila Bouadma.;Anne-Sophie Moreau.;Amélie Seguin.;Anne-Pascale Meert.;Jean Reignier.;Laurent Papazian.;Ilham Mehzari.;Yves Cohen.;Maleka Schenck.;Rebecca Hamidfar.;Michael Darmon.;Alexandre Demoule.;Sylvie Chevret.;Elie Azoulay.; .
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷16期1711-9页
Noninvasive ventilation has been recommended to decrease mortality among immunocompromised patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. However, its effectiveness for this indication remains unclear.
20. Effect of a Buffered Crystalloid Solution vs Saline on Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: The SPLIT Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Paul Young.;Michael Bailey.;Richard Beasley.;Seton Henderson.;Diane Mackle.;Colin McArthur.;Shay McGuinness.;Jan Mehrtens.;John Myburgh.;Alex Psirides.;Sumeet Reddy.;Rinaldo Bellomo.; .; .
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷16期1701-10页
Saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is the most commonly administered intravenous fluid; however, its use may be associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and increased mortality.
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