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1347. Primary care behavioral interventions to prevent or reduce illicit drug use and nonmedical pharmaceutical use in children and adolescents: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Carrie D Patnode.;Elizabeth O'Connor.;Maya Rowland.;Brittany U Burda.;Leslie A Perdue.;Evelyn P Whitlock.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2014年160卷9期612-20页
Drug use among youths is associated with negative health and social consequences. Even infrequent use increases the risk for serious adverse events by increasing risk-taking behaviors in intoxicated or impaired persons.
1349. Primary care behavioral interventions to reduce illicit drug and nonmedical pharmaceutical use in children and adolescents: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.
Update of the 2008 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for illicit drug use.
1357. Net reclassification improvement: computation, interpretation, and controversies: a literature review and clinician's guide.
作者: Maarten J G Leening.;Moniek M Vedder.;Jacqueline C M Witteman.;Michael J Pencina.;Ewout W Steyerberg.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2014年160卷2期122-31页
The net reclassification improvement (NRI) is an increasingly popular measure for evaluating improvements in risk predictions. This article details a review of 67 publications in high-impact general clinical journals that considered the NRI. Incomplete reporting of NRI methods, incorrect calculation, and common misinterpretations were found. To aid improved applications of the NRI, the article elaborates on several aspects of the computation and interpretation in various settings. Limitations and controversies are discussed, including the effect of miscalibration of prediction models, the use of the continuous NRI and “clinical NRI,” and the relation with decision analytic measures. A systematic approach toward presenting NRI analysis is proposed: Detail and motivate the methods used for computation of the NRI, use clinically meaningful risk cutoffs for the category-based NRI, report both NRI components, address issues of calibration, and do not interpret the overall NRI as a percentage of the study population reclassified. Promising NRI findings need to be followed with decision analytic or formal cost-effectiveness evaluations.
1358. Effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in subgroups a systematic review.
作者: Amy Earley.;Rebecca Persson.;Ann C Garlitski.;Ethan M Balk.;Katrin Uhlig.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2014年160卷2期111-21页
Previous systematic reviews of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) used for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) concluded that ICDs are less effective in women and the elderly.
1359. The accessibility of firearms and risk for suicide and homicide victimization among household members: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Research suggests that access to firearms in the home increases the risk for violent death.
1360. Cost-effectiveness of canine vaccination to prevent human rabies in rural Tanzania.
作者: Meagan C Fitzpatrick.;Katie Hampson.;Sarah Cleaveland.;Imam Mzimbiri.;Felix Lankester.;Tiziana Lembo.;Lauren A Meyers.;A David Paltiel.;Alison P Galvani.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2014年160卷2期91-100页
The annual mortality rate of human rabies in rural Africa is 3.6 deaths per 100 000 persons. Rabies can be prevented with prompt postexposure prophylaxis, but this is costly and often inaccessible in rural Africa. Because 99% of human exposures occur through rabid dogs, canine vaccination also prevents transmission of rabies to humans.
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