81. Ovarian cancer screening and mortality in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS): a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Ian J Jacobs.;Usha Menon.;Andy Ryan.;Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj.;Matthew Burnell.;Jatinderpal K Kalsi.;Nazar N Amso.;Sophia Apostolidou.;Elizabeth Benjamin.;Derek Cruickshank.;Danielle N Crump.;Susan K Davies.;Anne Dawnay.;Stephen Dobbs.;Gwendolen Fletcher.;Jeremy Ford.;Keith Godfrey.;Richard Gunu.;Mariam Habib.;Rachel Hallett.;Jonathan Herod.;Howard Jenkins.;Chloe Karpinskyj.;Simon Leeson.;Sara J Lewis.;William R Liston.;Alberto Lopes.;Tim Mould.;John Murdoch.;David Oram.;Dustin J Rabideau.;Karina Reynolds.;Ian Scott.;Mourad W Seif.;Aarti Sharma.;Naveena Singh.;Julie Taylor.;Fiona Warburton.;Martin Widschwendter.;Karin Williamson.;Robert Woolas.;Lesley Fallowfield.;Alistair J McGuire.;Stuart Campbell.;Mahesh Parmar.;Steven J Skates.
来源: Lancet. 2016年387卷10022期945-956页
Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis, with just 40% of patients surviving 5 years. We designed this trial to establish the effect of early detection by screening on ovarian cancer mortality.
84. Everolimus for the treatment of advanced, non-functional neuroendocrine tumours of the lung or gastrointestinal tract (RADIANT-4): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.
作者: James C Yao.;Nicola Fazio.;Simron Singh.;Roberto Buzzoni.;Carlo Carnaghi.;Edward Wolin.;Jiri Tomasek.;Markus Raderer.;Harald Lahner.;Maurizio Voi.;Lida Bubuteishvili Pacaud.;Nicolas Rouyrre.;Carolin Sachs.;Juan W Valle.;Gianfranco Delle Fave.;Eric Van Cutsem.;Margot Tesselaar.;Yasuhiro Shimada.;Do-Youn Oh.;Jonathan Strosberg.;Matthew H Kulke.;Marianne E Pavel.; .
来源: Lancet. 2016年387卷10022期968-977页
Effective systemic therapies for patients with advanced, progressive neuroendocrine tumours of the lung or gastrointestinal tract are scarce. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of everolimus compared with placebo in this patient population.
87. Assuring health coverage for all in India.
作者: Vikram Patel.;Rachana Parikh.;Sunil Nandraj.;Priya Balasubramaniam.;Kavita Narayan.;Vinod K Paul.;A K Shiva Kumar.;Mirai Chatterjee.;K Srinath Reddy.
来源: Lancet. 2015年386卷10011期2422-35页
Successive Governments of India have promised to transform India's unsatisfactory health-care system, culminating in the present government's promise to expand health assurance for all. Despite substantial improvements in some health indicators in the past decade, India contributes disproportionately to the global burden of disease, with health indicators that compare unfavourably with other middle-income countries and India's regional neighbours. Large health disparities between states, between rural and urban populations, and across social classes persist. A large proportion of the population is impoverished because of high out-of-pocket health-care expenditures and suffers the adverse consequences of poor quality of care. Here we make the case not only for more resources but for a radically new architecture for India's health-care system. India needs to adopt an integrated national health-care system built around a strong public primary care system with a clearly articulated supportive role for the private and indigenous sectors. This system must address acute as well as chronic health-care needs, offer choice of care that is rational, accessible, and of good quality, support cashless service at point of delivery, and ensure accountability through governance by a robust regulatory framework. In the process, several major challenges will need to be confronted, most notably the very low levels of public expenditure; the poor regulation, rapid commercialisation of and corruption in health care; and the fragmentation of governance of health care. Most importantly, assuring universal health coverage will require the explicit acknowledgment, by government and civil society, of health care as a public good on par with education. Only a radical restructuring of the health-care system that promotes health equity and eliminates impoverishment due to out-of-pocket expenditures will assure health for all Indians by 2022--a fitting way to mark the 75th year of India's independence.
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