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961. Effect of Noninvasive Ventilation Delivered by Helmet vs Face Mask on the Rate of Endotracheal Intubation in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Bhakti K Patel.;Krysta S Wolfe.;Anne S Pohlman.;Jesse B Hall.;John P Kress.
来源: JAMA. 2016年315卷22期2435-41页
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) with a face mask is relatively ineffective at preventing endotracheal intubation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Delivery of NIV with a helmet may be a superior strategy for these patients.
976. Methylphenidate for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents.
Is treatment with methylphenidate associated with benefits or harms for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
977. Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents: A Systematic Review.
Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent in adolescents and often persists into adulthood, most studies about treatment were performed in children. Less is known about ADHD treatment in adolescents.
978. Change in Body Mass Index Associated With Lowest Mortality in Denmark, 1976-2013.
作者: Shoaib Afzal.;Anne Tybjærg-Hansen.;Gorm B Jensen.;Børge G Nordestgaard.
来源: JAMA. 2016年315卷18期1989-96页
Research has shown a U-shaped pattern in the association of body mass index (BMI) with mortality. Although average BMI has increased over time in most countries, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors may also be decreasing among obese individuals over time. Thus, the BMI associated with lowest all-cause mortality may have changed.
979. Effect of Macitentan on the Development of New Ischemic Digital Ulcers in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: DUAL-1 and DUAL-2 Randomized Clinical Trials.
作者: Dinesh Khanna.;Christopher P Denton.;Peter A Merkel.;Thomas Krieg.;Franck-Olivier Le Brun.;Angelina Marr.;Kelly Papadakis.;Janet Pope.;Marco Matucci-Cerinic.;Daniel E Furst.; .; .
来源: JAMA. 2016年315卷18期1975-88页
Digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis are associated with pain and poor quality of life. Endothelin-1 promotes vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis after macitentan, an endothelin-1 blocker.
980. Effect of Using the Same vs Different Order for Second Readings of Screening Mammograms on Rates of Breast Cancer Detection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Sian Taylor-Phillips.;Matthew G Wallis.;David Jenkinson.;Victor Adekanmbi.;Helen Parsons.;Janet Dunn.;Nigel Stallard.;Ala Szczepura.;Simon Gates.;Olive Kearins.;Alison Duncan.;Sue Hudson.;Aileen Clarke.
来源: JAMA. 2016年315卷18期1956-65页
Interpreting screening mammograms is a difficult repetitive task that can result in missed cancers and false-positive recalls. In the United Kingdom, 2 film readers independently evaluate each mammogram to search for signs of cancer and examine digital mammograms in batches. However, a vigilance decrement (reduced detection rate with time on task) has been observed in similar settings.
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