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2982. Screening for ovarian cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement.
Reaffirmation of the 2004 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement on screening for ovarian cancer.
2983. Interventions to improve adherence to self-administered medications for chronic diseases in the United States: a systematic review.
作者: Meera Viswanathan.;Carol E Golin.;Christine D Jones.;Mahima Ashok.;Susan J Blalock.;Roberta C M Wines.;Emmanuel J L Coker-Schwimmer.;David L Rosen.;Priyanka Sista.;Kathleen N Lohr.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2012年157卷11期785-95页
Suboptimum medication adherence is common in the United States and leads to serious negative health consequences but may respond to intervention.
2984. Influence of reported study design characteristics on intervention effect estimates from randomized, controlled trials.
作者: Jelena Savović.;Hayley E Jones.;Douglas G Altman.;Ross J Harris.;Peter Jüni.;Julie Pildal.;Bodil Als-Nielsen.;Ethan M Balk.;Christian Gluud.;Lise Lotte Gluud.;John P A Ioannidis.;Kenneth F Schulz.;Rebecca Beynon.;Nicky J Welton.;Lesley Wood.;David Moher.;Jonathan J Deeks.;Jonathan A C Sterne.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2012年157卷6期429-38页
Published evidence suggests that aspects of trial design lead to biased intervention effect estimates, but findings from different studies are inconsistent. This study combined data from 7 meta-epidemiologic studies and removed overlaps to derive a final data set of 234 unique meta-analyses containing 1973 trials. Outcome measures were classified as "mortality," "other objective," "or subjective," and Bayesian hierarchical models were used to estimate associations of trial characteristics with average bias and between-trial heterogeneity. Intervention effect estimates seemed to be exaggerated in trials with inadequate or unclear (vs. adequate) random-sequence generation (ratio of odds ratios, 0.89 [95% credible interval {CrI}, 0.82 to 0.96]) and with inadequate or unclear (vs. adequate) allocation concealment (ratio of odds ratios, 0.93 [CrI, 0.87 to 0.99]). Lack of or unclear double-blinding (vs. double-blinding) was associated with an average of 13% exaggeration of intervention effects (ratio of odds ratios, 0.87 [CrI, 0.79 to 0.96]), and between-trial heterogeneity was increased for such studies (SD increase in heterogeneity, 0.14 [CrI, 0.02 to 0.30]). For each characteristic, average bias and increases in between-trial heterogeneity were driven primarily by trials with subjective outcomes, with little evidence of bias in trials with objective and mortality outcomes. This study is limited by incomplete trial reporting, and findings may be confounded by other study design characteristics. Bias associated with study design characteristics may lead to exaggeration of intervention effect estimates and increases in between-trial heterogeneity in trials reporting subjectively assessed outcomes.
2992. Are organic foods safer or healthier than conventional alternatives?: a systematic review.
作者: Crystal Smith-Spangler.;Margaret L Brandeau.;Grace E Hunter.;J Clay Bavinger.;Maren Pearson.;Paul J Eschbach.;Vandana Sundaram.;Hau Liu.;Patricia Schirmer.;Christopher Stave.;Ingram Olkin.;Dena M Bravata.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2012年157卷5期348-66页
The health benefits of organic foods are unclear.
2993. U.S. trends in antiretroviral therapy use, HIV RNA plasma viral loads, and CD4 T-lymphocyte cell counts among HIV-infected persons, 2000 to 2008.
作者: Keri N Althoff.;Kate Buchacz.;H Irene Hall.;Jinbing Zhang.;David B Hanna.;Peter Rebeiro.;Stephen J Gange.;Richard D Moore.;Mari M Kitahata.;Kelly A Gebo.;Jeffrey Martin.;Amy C Justice.;Michael A Horberg.;Robert S Hogg.;Timothy R Sterling.;Angela Cescon.;Marina B Klein.;Jennifer E Thorne.;Heidi M Crane.;Michael J Mugavero.;Sonia Napravnik.;Gregory D Kirk.;Lisa P Jacobson.;John T Brooks.; .
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2012年157卷5期325-35页
The U.S. National HIV/AIDS Strategy targets for 2015 include "increasing access to care and improving health outcomes for persons living with HIV in the United States" (PLWH-US).
2994. The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after antiretroviral therapy initiation in patients with tuberculosis: findings from the SAPiT trial.
作者: Kogieleum Naidoo.;Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma.;Nesri Padayatchi.;Kasavan Naidoo.;Niraksha Jithoo.;Gonasagrie Nair.;Sheila Bamber.;Santhana Gengiah.;Wafaa M El-Sadr.;Gerald Friedland.;Salim Abdool Karim.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2012年157卷5期313-24页
Concerns about the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) remain a barrier to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation during antituberculosis treatment in co-infected patients.
2995. Effect of nonpayment for hospital-acquired, catheter-associated urinary tract infection: a statewide analysis.
作者: Jennifer A Meddings.;Heidi Reichert.;Mary A M Rogers.;Sanjay Saint.;Joe Stephansky.;Laurence F McMahon.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2012年157卷5期305-12页
Most (59% to 86%) hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) are catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). As of 2008, claims data are used to deny payment for certain hospital-acquired conditions, including CAUTIs, and publicly report hospital performance.
2997. Comparative effectiveness of warfarin and new oral anticoagulants for the management of atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism: a systematic review.
作者: Soheir S Adam.;Jennifer R McDuffie.;Thomas L Ortel.;John W Williams.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2012年157卷11期796-807页
New oral anticoagulants (NOACs), including direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) and factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors, are emerging alternatives for prophylaxis and treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE).
2999. Screening for chronic kidney disease: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.
New U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement on screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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