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262. Benefits and Risks of Antiretroviral Therapy for Perinatal HIV Prevention.
作者: Mary G Fowler.;Min Qin.;Susan A Fiscus.;Judith S Currier.;Patricia M Flynn.;Tsungai Chipato.;James McIntyre.;Devasena Gnanashanmugam.;George K Siberry.;Anne S Coletti.;Taha E Taha.;Karin L Klingman.;Francis E Martinson.;Maxensia Owor.;Avy Violari.;Dhayendre Moodley.;Gerhard B Theron.;Ramesh Bhosale.;Raziya Bobat.;Benjamin H Chi.;Renate Strehlau.;Pendo Mlay.;Amy J Loftis.;Renee Browning.;Terence Fenton.;Lynette Purdue.;Michael Basar.;David E Shapiro.;Lynne M Mofenson.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2016年375卷18期1726-1737页
Randomized-trial data on the risks and benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) as compared with zidovudine and single-dose nevirapine to prevent transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in HIV-infected pregnant women with high CD4 counts are lacking.
270. Acute Neurologic Disorder from an Inhibitor of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase.
作者: Anne Kerbrat.;Jean-Christophe Ferré.;Pierre Fillatre.;Thomas Ronzière.;Stéphane Vannier.;Béatrice Carsin-Nicol.;Sylvain Lavoué.;Marc Vérin.;Jean-Yves Gauvrit.;Yves Le Tulzo.;Gilles Edan.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2016年375卷18期1717-1725页
A decrease in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity increases the levels of endogenous analogues of cannabinoids, or endocannabinoids. FAAH inhibitors have shown analgesic and antiinflammatory activity in animal models, and some have been tested in phase 1 and 2 studies. In a phase 1 study, BIA 10-2474, an orally administered reversible FAAH inhibitor, was given to healthy volunteers to assess safety.
272. Fulminant Myocarditis with Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade.
作者: Douglas B Johnson.;Justin M Balko.;Margaret L Compton.;Spyridon Chalkias.;Joshua Gorham.;Yaomin Xu.;Mellissa Hicks.;Igor Puzanov.;Matthew R Alexander.;Tyler L Bloomer.;Jason R Becker.;David A Slosky.;Elizabeth J Phillips.;Mark A Pilkinton.;Laura Craig-Owens.;Nina Kola.;Gregory Plautz.;Daniel S Reshef.;Jonathan S Deutsch.;Raquel P Deering.;Benjamin A Olenchock.;Andrew H Lichtman.;Dan M Roden.;Christine E Seidman.;Igor J Koralnik.;Jonathan G Seidman.;Robert D Hoffman.;Janis M Taube.;Luis A Diaz.;Robert A Anders.;Jeffrey A Sosman.;Javid J Moslehi.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2016年375卷18期1749-1755页
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved clinical outcomes associated with numerous cancers, but high-grade, immune-related adverse events can occur, particularly with combination immunotherapy. We report the cases of two patients with melanoma in whom fatal myocarditis developed after treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab. In both patients, there was development of myositis with rhabdomyolysis, early progressive and refractory cardiac electrical instability, and myocarditis with a robust presence of T-cell and macrophage infiltrates. Selective clonal T-cell populations infiltrating the myocardium were identical to those present in tumors and skeletal muscle. Pharmacovigilance studies show that myocarditis occurred in 0.27% of patients treated with a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab, which suggests that our patients were having a rare, potentially fatal, T-cell-driven drug reaction. (Funded by Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Ambassadors and others.).
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