Childhood-onset Sjögren's disease is a rare and under-investigated rheumatic condition. The natural course of childhood-onset Sjögren's disease in adulthood in not known. This study aimed to evaluate long-term disease trajectories and complications of childhood-onset Sjögren's disease and explore management strategies.

The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology recommendations for cardiovascular risk management highlighted the importance of traditional cardiovascular risk factor control in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). However, cardiovascular risk factor target attainment in APS and differences between primary APS and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-related APS remain uncertain.

The aim was to characterize peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in BD patients, and to stratify patient subgroups and identify prognostic biomarkers.

To characterize the risk of myositis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines.

To evaluate the relationship between Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dosage and the incidence of flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) flare incidence.

Statin-associated immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) associated with anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (anti-HMGCR) antibodies. This research determined the characteristics and outcomes of Native Americans vs non-Native Americans (non-NA) diagnosed with IIM and IMNM from the American Southwest.

The Total or Partial Knee Arthroplasty Trial (TOPKAT) aimed to evaluate the difference between total knee replacement (TKR) and partial (unicompartmental) replacement (PKR) for treatment of late-stage medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. As longevity is a key issue for joint replacement, extended follow-up periods are required to fully evaluate the long-term efficacy. In this analysis, we report the 10-year follow-up of the TOPKAT trial.

To identify patient-related factors linked to high multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) expression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and assess whether MDR1 expression affects Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor effectiveness.

To assess the cost-effectiveness of extending the interval between monitoring blood-tests beyond three monthly intervals during established treatment of adults prescribed low-dose weekly methotrexate (≤ 25 mg/week), leflunomide, or sulfasalazine.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent and often clinically significant complication of connective tissue diseases (CTDs), with substantial heterogeneity in prevalence, clinical manifestations, and disease trajectories. This themed issue of Rheumatology presents a comprehensive collection of original studies addressing critical aspects of CTD-associated ILD, including early detection, disease monitoring, prognostication, and therapeutic strategies. Advances in screening, such as lung ultrasound and deep-learning algorithms, are enhancing early ILD detection, quantification, and characterization. Novel biomarkers and genetic risk factors are being explored to support individualized risk stratification across CTDs. With the publication of recent international guidelines, evidence-based management of CTD-ILD has become more structured, providing clinicians with a clearer framework for decision-making, while real-world studies continue to refine these approaches and identify remaining therapeutic gaps. The issue also highlights emerging therapies and the need for precision-based interventions tailored to disease subtype, progression risk, and comorbidities. Collectively, these contributions underscore the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and continued research to improve outcomes for patients with CTD-ILD.

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease, associated with various inflammatory conditions. Interleukin (IL)-1 is involved in the underlying pathogenesis of both FMF and Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA). However, data on the association of FMF with PsA is scarce. We aimed to assess this association using data from a large population database.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, and its prevalence is increasing. We developed an educational tool to improve primary care provider (PCP) comfort with diagnosis and management of non-inflammatory arthritis.

To investigate adrenal function and the prevalence of glucocorticoid (GC) induced adrenal insufficiency (GIAI) in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) the first 18 months after diagnosis.

Despite increasing gender equity in the rheumatology workforce, disparities persist in leadership roles and prestigious career awards. The study aimed to identify key factors contributing to the under-representation of women among recipients of prestigious career awards in rheumatology.

The progression of Behçet's disease (BD) from a mucocutaneous-limited form to major organ involvement (MOI) represents a significant challenge. This study aims to identify patients without MOI at BD onset who are at increased risk of developing MOI in later stages.

Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with more active disease trajectories, increased cardiovascular risk, earlier development of organ damage (which commonly affects the kidney, central nervous and musculoskeletal systems) and increased use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive treatments than adult-onset SLE. However, the understanding of immunopathogenic mechanisms in childhood-onset SLE is far less established than in adult-onset disease. Technological advances over the past decade have accelerated progress in understanding the immune, genetic, epigenetic, metabolic and proteomic profiles of childhood-onset SLE, and have also established the mechanistic roles of immune dysregulation, interferon signalling, biological sex, gender and ethnicity in shaping disease heterogeneity. These insights have led to the elucidation of the mechanisms that drive the increased severity of childhood-onset SLE and point towards new pathways for personalized therapeutic approaches aimed at improving long-term outcomes and quality of life for patients.

CT-P13 SC, a new subcutaneous (SC) formulation of biosimilar infliximab (IFX), was approved by the European Medicines Agency in 2020 for the treatment of radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in adult patients. The present study aimed to assess the real-world outcomes of CT-P13 SC (SC IFX) as a treatment for both radiographic and non-radiographic axSpA.

Organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is assessed using the SLICC/ACR Damage Index (SDI), which quantifies damage in 12 organ systems but generally reports a total score. We examined whether the risk factors for overall organ damage accrual captured those associated with domain-specific damage accrual in patients with SLE.

The early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is essential in order to start the treatment as soon as possible; this process usually begins in primary care and the diagnosis is subsequently confirmed by a rheumatologist. The objective of this study was to increase the knowledge about the barriers rheumatologists perceive to early diagnosis in patients with RA in Spain. It is necessary to optimize the diagnostic process.

Systemic lupus Erythematous (SLE) with its multisystem manifestations can sometimes throw the treating team into scientific oblivion. Bone marrow suppression increases the susceptibility to infection and life-threatening bleeding manifestations and hence timely diagnosis and treatment can be lifesaving in these patients.