Metformin's topical application has proven to be a therapeutic wound healing dressing via pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, autophagy-promoting, and antibacterial effects. The systematic review article aimed to evaluate the available evidence (from both preclinical and clinical studies), in order to better understand its therapeutic potential in wound care. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases till January 2025. A total of 26 studies included in final analysis according to inclusion criteria. The majority of preclinical investigations demonstrated accelerated wound healing with characterized of increased wound closure and collagen deposition, elevated pro-angiogenic markers (e.g., VEGF, CD31, and α-SMA), suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and induction of autophagy signaling. Notably, biomaterial-based delivery platform applications such as hydrogels and nanofibers greatly magnified these therapeutic effects. While encouraging results in in-vitro, in-vivo and animal models have been documented, clinical studies remain limited in scope. In fact, this large disparity between preclinical results and limited clinical evidences obviously highlights the urgent need for properly designed human trials to determine safety, efficacy, and best delivery modalities of topical metformin. Collectively, topical metformin is a novel and potentially valuable addition to wound treatment cares, which could be subjected to further clinical study.

Understanding the biology of implant-associated infections is essential in order to provide adequate detection, prevention and therapeutic strategies. Advanced 3D in vitro models offer valuable insights into the complex interactions between cells and bacteria in the presence of implant materials. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of current 3D in vitro models that mimic implant-associated infections.

Introduction: Hypertrophic and keloid scars are abnormal tissue growth that can be disfiguring, for which the available treatment has not yielded consistent results. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the capability of Adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) therapy in treating these scars. Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception until July 2022. We included experimental studies that evaluated ADSCs as a therapy for hypertrophic and keloid scars in both in-vivo and in-vitro models. Results: Our findings extracted from 12 included studies demonstrated that ADSCs have a promising potential in reducing collagen deposition, proliferation, and migration rates of fibroblast, decreasing gene/protein expression of scar-related molecules including levels of TGF-β1 and lowering intracellular signal pathway-related molecules of hypertrophic and keloid scars in both models. However, no significant difference (P > .05) was found in the hypertrophic scar in-vitro models in terms of DCN gene expression. Conclusion: Ultimately, the current studies included in this systematic review support the use of ADSCs to alleviate hypertrophic and keloid scars.

Stem cell therapy (SCT) is increasingly recognized for its potential in managing cognitive impairment, particularly that of dementia. The application of SCT aims to restore cognitive functioning in people living with dementia. Beyond pre-clinical studies, several clinical trials have evaluated specific stem cell (SC) types for their efficacy in treating dementia.

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) aim to regenerate structural and functional integrity of necrosed or infected dental pulp, while promoting root development and closure. Conventional treatment methods often fail to regenerate dental pulp tissues effectively. This systematic review investigates the efficacy of stem cell therapy in REPs.

In vitro gametogenesis offers a powerful platform to explore the complexities of female germline development while bypassing ethical and technical barriers in human and non-human primate research. This systematic review examined 23 articles that reported meiotic entry from differentiated pluripotent stem cells or ex vivo-cultured fetal germ cells from humans, cynomolgus monkeys or marmosets and were published between 2009 and 2025. By comparing methodologies and outcomes, the review highlighted current progress and ongoing challenges in inducing meiotic progression in primates. Although complete oogenesis using in vitro gametogenesis has been successfully achieved in mice, extending this success to primates remains a major hurdle, with meiotic entry representing a key milestone toward realizing in vitro gametogenesis in humans.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a high incidence cancer and health problem influenced by many factors emphasizes on the importance of identifying risk factors which can be modified. A dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) style promotes a balanced nutrition approach that might have effects on CRC. The aim of this study was to analyze existing evidence on the DASH diet's association with CRC.

Arthroscopic repair is currently the gold standard for the surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears, but the retear rates remain unacceptably high. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may play a role in the local biology and enhance tendon-to-bone healing during rotator cuff repair. However, the scientific literature is still not well systematized on the effects of injection of MSCs as an augmentation tool for rotator cuff repair. Our goal was to investigate the effect of injections of MSCs to augment rotator cuff repair in patients with rotator cuff tear.

Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) is a reliable source of progenitor cells that facilitate healing, and it is typically harvested from the iliac crest. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare total nucleated cell (TNC) count and the presence of colony-forming units (CFUs) in BMAC harvested from axial versus appendicular harvest sites.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) can traverse the blood-brain barrier due to their small size. This characteristic makes them a research hotspot for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is expected to be a potentially revolutionary strategy for treating PD. Despite this, no summary of clinical trial results has been reported.

This study aims to explore the clinical efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in the treatment of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) through a network meta-analysis and to discuss the optimal transplantation strategy for treatment.

To advance research in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and guide researchers in choosing the optimal model to answer their research questions, we performed a systematic review of all models investigating HCM induced by gene variants ranging from animal models to human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Our research question entailed: which experimental models of HCM have been created thus far, and which major hallmarks of HCM do they present? Out of the 603 included papers, the majority included animal models, though a clear transition to hiPSC-CM is visible since 2010. Our review showed that only 36 mouse models showed minimal 4 out of 6 HCM disease markers (cell/cardiac hypertrophy, disarray, fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and arrhythmias), while only 17 hiPSC-CM models showed 3 out of 4 HCM cell characteristics. Our review emphasizes the need to better report data on sample size, sex, age, and relevant disease-specific characteristics.

Spontaneous miscarriage (SM) is a common pregnancy complication. Although clinical factors are associated with SM, establishing causality is challenging. Mendelian randomization (MR) helps evaluate the causal effects of exposure variables. This study systematically reviewed 31 MR studies performed in SM, identifying causal relationships between SM and smoking, obesity, insomnia, rheumatoid arthritis, and immune-related factors. Smoking initiation and insomnia were identified as risk factors for SM. Coffee consumption showed no causal association with SM risk. Inconsistent evidence was reported for alcohol intake, BMI, depression, and RA regarding their causal relationships with SM. Smoking initiation, specific cytokines (eg, IL-12, TNF-β), and immune cells (eg, CD4+ T cells) demonstrated causal associations with the number of SM. Notably, key SNPs like rs13261666 and rs7127595 played significant roles in MR analyses due to their strong genetic associations with risk factors. Future research should further investigate the mechanistic pathways linking these genetic variants to SM, aiming to provide precise guidance for clinical prevention and treatment. Additionally, inconsistencies in MR results may stem from differences in data sources, SNP selection criteria, and statistical methodologies, indicating the importance of improving data consistency and standardizing analytical approaches in future research.

To systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare clinical outcomes of stromal cell-based injection therapies versus other non-operative treatment modalities for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA).

This systematic review evaluates the therapeutic effects of infrasound (1-20 Hz) and low-frequency audible sound (20 Hz-20 kHz) on wound healing, with a focus on cell migration, tissue regeneration, and bone repair. A comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted to synthesise current data on these acoustic frequencies' impact on cellular functions. Key findings indicate that infrasound enhances bone growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells, significantly accelerating fracture healing by increasing bone mineral density. Low-frequency sound at 100 Hz promotes fibroblast migration and alters cell morphology through actin restructuring, with effects varying by horizontal versus vertical vibrations. Additionally, frequencies of 10 and 20 kHz stimulate epidermal wound healing in mice by activating keratinocyte functions. These results highlight the potential of specific acoustic frequencies as non-invasive, cost-effective wound treatment options, particularly for bone regeneration and chronic wounds. Further research is recommended to refine acoustic parameters and validate clinical applications to establish therapeutic protocols.

Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC), malignancy originating from the odontogenic epithelium, shows histological overlap with ameloblastoma (AM). In order to unravel mechanisms driving AC, it is imperative to understand the molecular distinction between these two entities. This systematic review aims to highlight molecular and immunohistochemical markers involved in the pathogenesis of AC and to distinguish it from its histological mimic, AM.

(1) Background: Tendon and ligament injuries are a leading cause of lameness in horses, with significant economic implications. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained attention for its regenerative potential, but its efficacy remains uncertain due to inconsistent study designs and reporting. (2) Methods: This systematic review, following the PRISMA guidelines, evaluated 22 studies (clinical and experimental) to assess the safety and efficacy of PRP in treating equine tendon and ligament injuries. The risk of bias was analyzed using the ROBINS-I and RoB 2.0 tools. (3) Results: PRP demonstrated a favorable safety profile, with no severe adverse effects reported. Clinical outcomes included improved lameness scores, ultrasonographic tissue organization, and return-to-work rates. However, variability in PRP formulations (e.g., leukocyte-rich vs. leukocyte-reduced) and activation methods (e.g., calcium chloride, thrombin) contributed to inconsistent results. Experimental studies supported PRP's role in collagen synthesis and neovascularization, but comparative trials with stem cells or other therapies (e.g., extracorporeal shockwave) showed mixed results. The methodological quality of studies varied, with only 27% achieving "good" scores for PRP reporting. (4) Conclusions: PRP is a safe and potentially effective treatment, but its clinical application is hindered by a lack of standardization. Future research should focus on large, randomized controlled trials with uniform PRP protocols, long-term (≥2 years) efficacy assessments, comparative studies with MSC combinations, and cost-effectiveness analyses.

Background/Objectives: Mandibular reconstruction following trauma or oncologic resection is crucial for restoring function and aesthetics. While autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard, it presents challenges such as donor site morbidity and graft availability. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) offers an innovative alternative, integrating scaffolds, osteogenic cells, and bioactive factors to regenerate functional bone. This systematic review evaluates BTE strategies for mandibular reconstruction, focusing on critical-sized defects in large animal models and their translational potential for clinical applications. Methods: A systematic review was performed following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies involved large animal models and critical-sized mandibular defects treated with at least two BTE components (scaffold, osteogenic cells, or growth factors). Quality and bias assessments were conducted using ARRIVE guidelines and SYRCLE tools. Results: Of the 6088 studies screened, 27 met the inclusion criteria, focusing on critical-sized mandibular defects in large animal models such as pigs, sheep, and dogs. Common scaffolds included β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), and polycaprolactone (PCL), frequently combined with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and growth factors like recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Preclinical outcomes demonstrated effective bone regeneration, vascularization, and biomechanical restoration. Advanced strategies, including in vivo bioreactors and 3D-printed scaffolds, further enhanced regeneration. However, challenges such as incomplete scaffold degradation, hypoxic conditions within constructs, and variability in growth factor efficacy and dose optimization were observed, emphasizing the need for further refinement to ensure consistent outcomes. Conclusions: BTE shows promise in mandibular reconstruction, achieving bone regeneration and functional restoration in preclinical models of critical-sized defects. However, challenges such as scaffold optimization, vascularization enhancement, and protocol standardization require further investigation to facilitate clinical translation. These findings emphasize the need for refinement to achieve consistent, scalable outcomes for clinical use.

Dental stem cells hold significant potential in regenerative medicine due to their multipotency, accessibility, and immunomodulatory effects. Flow cytometry is a critical tool for analyzing these cells, particularly in identifying and characterizing immunomodulatory markers that enhance their clinical applications. This systematic review aims to answer the question: "How does flow cytometry facilitate the identification and characterization of immunomodulatory markers in dental stem cells to enhance their application in regenerative medicine?".

Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune disease with a high rate of progression and relapse, making treatment a challenge and requiring new therapeutic options. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a promising therapeutic modality for hematological malignancies. Several clinical cases have found that psoriasis in patients with hematological tumor was effectively controlled after HSCT and did not have experienced recurrence during follow-up. HSCT shows considerable promise in the treatment of psoriasis and prevention of its recurrence because of its potential immunomodulatory activity. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of HSCT in patients with psoriasis through a systematic literature review (SLR). We systematically searched the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science (WOS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases to identify studies published before May 31, 2023. All types of clinical studies were considered: patients ≥ 12 years old with hematologic malignancies and psoriasis undergoing HSCT therapy. We included studies if they reported on the outcomes of interest. Exclusion criteria: animal models, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) transplants, narrative reviews, letters to the editor. MeSH and "Key word" terms were used. The level of evidence and the quality rating were rated Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) lists. We initially identified 90 articles, of which 20 were finally included (1 case series and 19 case reports). These twenty articles included 41 patients (33 male and 8 female, age range 12-67 years). The level of evidence was mostly 4 (JBI); the quality of evidence was met (≥ 50% of JBI items). The primary outcome indicator was psoriasis recurrence in patients during the follow-up time of each study. We performed subgroup analyses of the resulting data according to type of HSCT (autologous or allogeneic transplantation), and whether or not treatment for GVHD was administered after transplantation. Synthesis without meta-analysis items (SWiM) showed that recurrence of psoriasis (and/or psoriatic arthritis) during follow-up was the primary outcome of interest. Overall, a total of 31 (75.6%) of the 41 patients included in our review did not experience recurrence during follow-up period, with a maximum follow-up of 264 months (22 years) and a minimum of 5 months. The remaining 10 patients (24.4%) experienced recurrence of psoriasis during post-transplantation follow-up, with the earliest recurrence of skin lesions occurring at 1.4 months after transplantation but the lesions disappearing at 3.5 months; and the latest recurrence occurred up to 60 months post-transplant, while the patient experienced a flare-up of psoriatic arthritis at 156 mouths, but the severity and duration of psoriasis and arthritis improved compared to pretransplant. HSCT is expected to be an effective treatment for psoriasis as well as recurrence for a wide range of psoriasis patients. Future better epidemiological designs and in-depth studies are needed to evaluate and clarify the benefits of HSCT in psoriasis. Retrospective uncontrolled study, small sample size, with some incomplete data.