Sarcomas account for 1% of adult malignancies, and 80% of them arise from soft tissue. Orbital leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor with less than 40 cases reported. The most common subsite is the conjunctiva, followed by the eyelid. We present a case of orbital leiomyosarcoma, which presented with progressive prominence of the left globe. The patient was treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. On the last follow-up, the patient is clinically disease-free. A review of the literature on patients with orbital leiomyosarcoma was done, out of which 84% of patients underwent surgery and 42% of patients received radiotherapy. 15% of patients had a childhood history of retinoblastoma (RB). All patients with childhood RB had bilateral disease and a history of childhood radiotherapy for retinoblastoma.

Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the urinary bladder are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all bladder malignancies, and are characterized by aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. These tumors can occur as small or large cell subtypes and often mimic high-grade urothelial carcinoma, posing diagnostic challenges. We present five cases of bladder NECs diagnosed at our center, all presenting with hematuria and other lower urinary tract symptoms. Tumor sizes ranged from 4.8 to 7.5 cm, with all demonstrating deep muscle invasion and high proliferative index. Immunohistochemistry confirmed neuroendocrine differentiation. Four patients received platinum-based chemotherapy, and one underwent radical cystectomy. Two patients with advanced-stage disease succumbed early despite therapy. This series highlights the importance of early recognition, accurate histopathological diagnosis, and timely multimodal management. Given their rarity and diagnostic overlap with other high-grade bladder tumors, clinical awareness is crucial.

Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) typically arises in the periocular region but on rare occasions can present within the oral cavity, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This report describes a 50-year-old male who developed a progressively enlarging ulcero-proliferative lesion in the right buccal mucosa, initially misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathological re-evaluation, supported by immunohistochemistry (CK5/6, p63, and epithelial membrane antigen positivity), established the diagnosis of SC, confirming sebaceous differentiation. Despite its atypical location, the tumor behaved aggressively, invading the mandible and necessitating a composite resection and neck dissection, followed by reconstruction with a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, highlighting the efficacy of prompt surgical intervention when diagnosis is accurate. This case underscores the importance of considering SC among differential diagnoses for oral cavity lesions, especially when histological and immunohistochemical findings diverge from common oral malignancies. A collaborative effort among pathologists, radiologists, and surgeons remains critical for early detection, appropriate management, and improved patient outcomes.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) with hemangioblastoma-like features is a recently described new entity, with only 4 cases reported in the English literature to date. It is characterized by the presence of a hemangioblastoma-like component which shares the same morphologic and phenotypic features with renal hemangioblastoma associated to an unequivocal ccRCC component. Transition between both components is gradual. The diagnosis is challenging, especially when ccRCC component is scattered, the tumor might be diagnosed as a hemangioblastoma. In fact, distinguishing the latter from ccRCC with hemangioblastoma-like features is essential for providing patients with the best available treatments. In this article, we describe a new case of ccRCC with hemangioblastoma in a 30-year-old woman to raise awareness of this rare entity presenting a challenging diagnosis.

Extramedullary leukaemia, also known as myeloid sarcoma, is a rare manifestation of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) that typically occurs in conjunction with bone marrow involvement. It is characterized by infiltration of leukemic cells into extramedullary tissues, including the skin, soft tissues, and lymph nodes, where it may present as mass-like or nodular lesions. When associated with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, extramedullary disease may exhibit particularly aggressive behaviour and pose substantial diagnostic challenges, especially when it precedes or masks systemic manifestations of AML.

The outcomes of elderly patients with lymphoma are poor. There is scarcity of data on outcomes of chemotherapy-free regimens in patients older than 80 years with a B-cell lymphoma. We report three octogenarians with B-cell NHL and the efficacy and safety of a nonchemotherapy regimen using a lower dose of polatuzumab vedotin and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. No infusion-related adverse events were noted. No patient developed neutropenia. Peripheral neuropathy was grade 2 in all cases. Recurrent UTI were a concern in two patients. After a median of 6 cycles (range 1-6) of polatuzumab therapy, all three patients had achieved CR. One patient was lost to follow-up and succumbed to a multidrug-resistant gram-negative UTI. One patient relapsed at 13 months and other is doing well in remission at 15 months.

Peritoneal surface malignancies (PSMs), such as pseudomyxoma peritonei, mesothelioma, and advanced metastases from ovarian, colorectal, gastric cancers, and sarcomatosis, are often categorized as terminal stage IV diseases. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has revolutionized outcomes, improving five-year survival rates to 50%-60% in selected cohorts, with up to 15% of patients achieving cure. A central component of CRS is total peritonectomy, which demands extensive exposure of the abdominal and subdiaphragmatic surfaces. However, specialized retractors designed for this purpose are currently limited to costly international systems, priced between ₹15-50 lakhs, and are largely unavailable in resource-constrained regions. The RayTractAb-C system has been developed as a cost-effective, multipurpose, self-retaining retractor specifically designed for CRS and HIPEC. The device includes a modular rail clamp, adjustable horizontal rod with arms, and six curvilinear blades engineered for pelvic, abdominal, and chest wall retraction. This configuration enables simultaneous exposure of multiple compartments, reduces reliance on surgical assistants, and facilitates safer and more efficient peritonectomy. RayTractAb-C has demonstrated significant ergonomic and practical advantages during prototyping, with anticipated benefits in accessibility, cost reduction, and surgical independence. Further clinical evaluation is warranted to assess its role in standardizing CRS-HIPEC procedures across diverse surgical settings.

We aimed to evaluate characteristics and outcomes of patients with locally advanced head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC) planned for chemoradiation, and the role of geriatric assessment (GA) in decision-making.

Accurate gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation is critical in head and neck radiotherapy, yet conventional CT imaging may inadequately distinguish viable tumor from postinflammatory or necrotic changes. PET-CT offers metabolic imaging that may refine target delineation.

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy can lessen side effects from treatment and are currently the standard of care for locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC). The boost radiation can be delivered as a sequential or simultaneous integrated boost. Whether they differ in improving locoregional control or toxicity is largely unknown. In the current study, we prospectively compared two types of IMRT for non-nasopharyngeal LAHNC: sequential IMRT (SEQ-IMRT) and simultaneous integrated boost IMRT (SIB-IMRT).

This study aimed to evaluate early pulmonary function changes after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with lung oligometastases and to identify predictors of clinically meaningful decline.

While probiotics show promise in reducing chemoradiotherapy side effects like oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients, robust clinical evidence of their consistent effectiveness is still needed. The objectives of this study were to compare the incidence and severity of oral mucositis, dysphagia, and compliance of radiotherapy treatment between the study arm (oral probiotics, along with concurrent chemoradiotherapy) and the control arm (concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone) in patients of locally advanced carcinoma oropharynx.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Surgical resection of the breast mass could induce an inflammatory response, which increases cytokines, such as interleukin IL beta-1 and IL-6. These mediators lead to peripheral and central sensitization and induce hyperalgesia. In this study, we hypothesized that perioperative lidocaine infusion could not only reduce serum interleukin levels but also reduce postoperative pain severity.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas constitute the eighth most common malignancy worldwide. Desmoplastic reaction (DR), tumor budding (TB), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and depth of invasion (DOI) are some of the histological predictors of extranodal extension (ENE) and poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate their association in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, was approved by FDA in 2015 for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC). It was approved based on clinical benefits observed in PALOMA-1/TRIO-18 and PALOMA-2 Trial of Palbociclib. Despite its benefits in clinical studies, the data related to real-world outcomes are limited. This retrospective real-world observational study was designed to evaluate effectiveness of Palbociclib among Indian patients diagnosed with HR+/HER2- ABC.

Current dose-volume constraints for pelvic bone marrow (PBM) sparing in radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical carcinoma (LACC) typically do not account for the dose contribution from intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). This study aimed to quantify the radiation dose received by PBM during ICBT.Materials and Methods: This dosimetric analysis utilized computed tomography (CT) data from 15 patients with LACC treated with ICBT. Each patient received 3 weekly fractions of 7 Gy. PBM was delineated from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosities across all 45 CT sessions (three per patient). Two treatment plans were generated-Plan A (high-risk clinical target volume [HR-CTV]-based) and Plan B (Point A-based)-yielding 90 plans in total. PBM volumes receiving ≥1.5 Gy (V1.5), 1 Gy (V1), 0.75 Gy (V0.75), and 0.5 Gy (V0.5) were recorded.

This study aimed to identify prognostic factors associated with recurrence in patients with stages I-III endometrial cancer who underwent surgical treatment.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type of esophageal cancer in the developing world. The nodal staging for it is based on the number of positive nodes at present. Lymph node ratio (LN ratio) has recently been recognized as an independent predictor of survival in esophageal cancer. We wanted to evaluate the impact of LN ratio of survival in patients undergoing esophagectomy at our center.

Current biomarkers of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) lack the required sensitivity and specificity for early detection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in cancer progression, and their serum expression could serve as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. This study focuses on evaluating the expression of serum miR-200a, miR-200b, and miR-200c and their association with clinico-pathological characteristics in EOC patients.

Cranio-spinal irradiation (CSI) planning is complex due to large target volume and numerous organs at risk (OARs). In the index study, we assessed set-up errors and daily shifts during CSI using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) on a conventional linear accelerator. The aim of the study is to calculate the planning target volume (PTV) margin for CSI.