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642. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Adults: A Review.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) includes a range of liver conditions, progressing from isolated steatosis (characterized by fat accumulation in the liver without inflammation) to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which involves fat accumulation and inflammation in the liver. The presence of MASLD is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to liver-related complications, hepatocellular carcinoma, cardiovascular disease, and certain extrahepatic cancers.
647. DASH-Patterned Groceries and Effects on Blood Pressure: The GoFresh Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Stephen P Juraschek.;Hannah Col.;Kayla Ferro.;Ruth-Alma N Turkson-Ocran.;Jennifer L Cluett.;Roger B Davis.;Kristen M Kraemer.;Kathy McManus.;Kenneth J Mukamal.;Emily L Aidoo.;Fredrick Larbi Kwapong.;Marian Budu.;Dhrumil Patil.;Sarah Nartey.;Jacqueline Michetti.;Sofia Allison.;Manfred Mate-Kole.;Jingyi Cao.;Benjamin Grobman.;Reva Seager.;Anika L Hines.;Edgar R Miller.;Deidra C Crews.;Stephanie L Fitzpatrick.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷1期36-48页
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan lowered blood pressure (BP) among Black adults in a controlled environment, but to date, there are no grocery shopping strategies that replicated its health effects in a community setting.
650. Efficacy and Safety of Oral PCSK9 Inhibitor Enlicitide in Adults With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Christie M Ballantyne.;Laura Gellis.;Jean-Claude Tardif.;Puja Banka.;Ann Marie Navar.;Emil Andreas Asprusten.;Russell Scott.;Erik S G Stroes.;Samar Froman.;Geraldine Mendizabal.;Fan Wang.;Alberico L Catapano.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷2期129-139页
Persons with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) are at increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease due to lifelong elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Many patients with HeFH do not achieve guideline-recommended LDL-C goals with the currently available lipid-lowering therapies.
651. Familial Hypercholesterolemia Screening in Childhood and Early Adulthood: A Cost-Effectiveness Study.
作者: Brandon K Bellows.;Yiyi Zhang.;Natalia Ruiz-Negrón.;Dhruv S Kazi.;Amit V Khera.;Jessica G Woo.;Elaine M Urbina.;David R Jacobs.;Norrina B Allen.;John B Wong.;Sarah D de Ferranti.;Andrew E Moran.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷2期140-153页
Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a genetic condition, results in lifelong increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increases lifetime cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Most individuals with FH remain undiagnosed, so early FH identification and treatment could lower CVD burden.
652. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Prediction of First Coronary Events.
作者: Göran Bergström.;Gunnar Engström.;Elias Björnson.;Martin Adiels.;Jonas S O Andersson.;Therese Andersson.;Carl-Johan Carlhäll.;Kerstin Cederlund.;David Erlinge.;Erika Fagman.;Elin Good.;Anders Gummesson.;Emil Hagström.;Stefan James.;Magnus Janzon.;Ioannis Katsoularis.;Jeanette Kuhl.;Henrik Löfmark.;Hanna Markstad.;Jonas Oldgren.;Viktor Oskarsson.;Ellen Ostenfeld.;Anders Persson.;Adrian Pistea.;Annika Rosengren.;Jonas Spaak.;Johan Sundström.;Stefan Söderberg.;Erik Thunström.;Carl Johan Östgren.;Lars Lind.;Tomas Jernberg.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷3期245-254页
Risk stratification strategies in primary prevention of coronary events lack precision.
653. Caffeinated Coffee Consumption or Abstinence to Reduce Atrial Fibrillation: The DECAF Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Christopher X Wong.;Christopher C Cheung.;Gabrielle Montenegro.;Hannah H Oo.;Isabella J Peña.;Janet J Tang.;Samuel J Tu.;Grace Wall.;Thomas A Dewland.;Joshua D Moss.;Edward P Gerstenfeld.;Zian H Tseng.;Henry H Hsia.;Randall J Lee.;Jeffrey E Olgin.;Vasanth Vedantham.;Melvin M Scheinman.;Catherine Lee.;Prashanthan Sanders.;Gregory M Marcus.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷4期317-325页
Conventional wisdom holds that caffeinated coffee is proarrhythmic. Coffee is the most commonly consumed caffeinated beverage in the US, and a randomized trial assessing caffeinated coffee consumption in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has not previously been performed.
657. Liberal or Restrictive Postoperative Transfusion in Patients at High Cardiac Risk: The TOP Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Panos Kougias.;Sherene E Sharath.;Min Zhan.;Jeffrey L Carson.;L Erin Norman.;Zhibao Mi.;Rupsi Pal.;Hasan Dosluoglu.;J Gregory Modrall.;George A Sarosi.;Peter Nelson.;Shipra Arya.;Alexandra Scrymgeour.;Jade Ollison.;Lawrence A Calais.;Vijay Nambi.;L Parker Gregg.;Shuaib M Abdullah.;Shirling Tsai.;Natasha Becker.;Justin C Choi.;Louisa Chiu.;Salvatore Scali.;Neal R Barshes.;Samir Awad.;Mohammed Moursi.;Matthew C Koopmann.;Mitchell Sally.;Daniel Ihnat.;Archana Ramaswamy.;Warren Gasper.;Edith Tzeng.;Mark A Wilson.;Gale Tang.;Grant Huang.;Kousick Biswas.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷24期2197-2207页
Postoperative red blood cell transfusion guidelines recommend transfusion for hemoglobin levels less than 7 g/dL. However, the safety of this strategy in patients at high risk of cardiac events undergoing major operations remains unclear.
658. Metformin to Improve Walking Performance in Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: The PERMET Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Mary M McDermott.;Kathryn J Domanchuk.;Lu Tian.;Lihui Zhao.;Dongxue Zhang.;Lydia Bazzano.;Scott Berceli.;Michael H Criqui.;Luigi Ferrucci.;Jack M Guralnik.;Christiaan Leeuwenburgh.;Karen J Ho.;Ahmed Ismaeel.;Melina R Kibbe.;Claudia Korcarz.;Kate Kosmac.;Donald Lloyd-Jones.;Charlotte A Peterson.;James H Stein.;Robert Sufit.;John Wilkins.;Tamar S Polonsky.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷5期407-415页
Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a disabling cardiovascular condition that impairs walking ability. Few effective therapies improve walking performance in people with PAD. Metformin is a widely available and inexpensive therapy for type 2 diabetes with pleiotropic effects that include activating AMP-activated protein kinase, reducing oxidative stress, and stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).
660. SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Outcomes by Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria: A Meta-Analysis.
作者: Brendon L Neuen.;Robert A Fletcher.;Stefan D Anker.;Deepak L Bhatt.;Javed Butler.;David Z I Cherney.;Kieran F Docherty.;Silvio E Inzucchi.;Meg J Jardine.;Kenneth W Mahaffey.;Finnian R McCausland.;Darren K McGuire.;John J V McMurray.;Bruce Neal.;Milton Packer.;Siddharth M Patel.;Vlado Perkovic.;Marc S Sabatine.;Rebecca J Sardell.;Scott D Solomon.;Muthiah Vaduganathan.;Christoph Wanner.;David C Wheeler.;Faiez Zannad.;Richard Haynes.;Natalie Staplin.;William G Herrington.;Hiddo J L Heerspink.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷3期233-244页
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in individuals with type 2 diabetes, CKD, or heart failure. However, their effects in those with stage 4 CKD or little to no albuminuria remain uncertain.
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