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421. Artificial Intelligence-Based Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
作者: Bettia Celestin.;Shadi P Bagherzadeh.;Everton Santana.;Matthew Frost.;Mathias Iversen.;Frida N Hermansson.;Andrew Sweatt.;Roham T Zamanian.;Yoran M Hummel.;Gabriela Gomez Rendon.;Joseph Yen.;Marinella Sandros.;Michael Salerno.;Francois Haddad.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期207-219页
Echocardiography is central when assessing pulmonary hypertension (PH), but manual interpretation can be time-consuming and prone to error.
423. Association of Hypoxic Burden With Cardiovascular Events: A Risk Stratification Analysis of the Randomized Intervention With CPAP in Coronary Artery Disease and Sleep Apnea Cohort.
作者: Yüksel Peker.;Yeliz Celik.;Andrey Zinchuk.;Scott A Sands.;Susan Redline.;Ali Azarbarzin.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷6期1481-1493页
The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the standard measure of OSA, has limitations in reflecting disease severity.
424. Contemporary Trends in Pediatric Extubation Failure and Noninvasive Respiratory Support Use.
作者: Jeremy M Loberger.;Mitchell Moore.;Matthew Scanlon.;Robinder G Khemani.;Samer Abu-Sultaneh.;Colin M Rogerson.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期106-114页
Prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is associated with morbidity and mortality in children. Timely extubation is essential and must balance the competing risks of extubation failure (EF) and prolonged use of noninvasive respiratory support after extubation.
425. Geographical Distribution of Phase II/III Pharmaceutical Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults With Interstitial Lung Disease.
作者: Mingkun Guan.;Emma Marshall.;Sadhana Sughesh.;Hong Ye.;Christopher J Ryerson.;Yet H Khor.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期148-158页
Pharmaceutical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are critical for advancing treatments in interstitial lung disease (ILD). This study evaluated the global distribution of pharmaceutical RCTs of ILD and their associations with country-specific features.
426. Association Between Hospital Safety-Net Status and Delivery of Rehabilitation to Older Adults With Acute Respiratory Failure.
作者: Jose Victor Jimenez.;Lingxiao Zhang.;Zhenqiu Lin.;Lauren E Ferrante.;Jason R Falvey.;Allan J Walkey.;Harlan M Krumholz.;Snigdha Jain.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期94-105页
Older adults with socioeconomic disadvantage experience greater decline in function and cognition after critical illness, an adverse outcome potentially preventable through mobilization. Whether safety-net hospitals (SNHs) that serve the highest proportions of patients with socioeconomic disadvantage are less likely to deliver rehabilitation during hospitalization with stay in the ICU is unknown.
427. Mortality Outcomes and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Use in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
作者: Burcu Ozaltin.;Robert Chapman.;Tine Follet.;Marie Vermant.;Muhammad Qummer Ul Arfeen.;Natalie Fitzpatick.;Harry Hemingway.;Wim Wuyts.;Kenan Direk.;Joseph Jacob.
来源: Chest. 2026年169卷1期139-147页
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely used antihypertensive agents with proven cardioprotective effects. Previous mechanistic and clinical studies have suggested that ACE inhibitor therapy may slow disease progression and reduce mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
440. A 67-Year-Old Woman With Unexplained Nocturnal Hypoxemia.
作者: Kaveh Gaynor-Sodeifi.;Erin Eschbach.;David M Rapoport.;Vaishnavi Kundel.
来源: Chest. 2025年168卷2期e39-e43页
A 67-year-old woman presents for a second opinion for insomnia. She reports falling asleep with ease but difficulty maintaining sleep, with several nighttime awakenings. She has previously undergone cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia without any improvement in her symptoms. She denies snoring and witnessed apneas but reports occasional daytime sleepiness, with an Epworth Sleepiness Score of 11 out of 24, indicating significant sleepiness. The remainder of her sleep history is unremarkable. Additionally, she has a medical history of anxiety, depression, and chronic pain, which is managed with aripiprazole, bupropion, clonazepam (as needed), and gabapentin. Her surgical history is pertinent for a tonsillectomy at age 5.
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