Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effect of statin therapy on muscle symptoms: an individual participant data meta-analysis of large-scale, randomised, double-blind trials. Lancet. 2022;400:832-45. 36049498.

Han MK, Ye W, Wang D, et al. Bronchodilators in tobacco-exposed persons with symptoms and preserved lung function. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:1173-84. 36066078.

Connolly SJ, Karthikeyan G, Ntsekhe M, et al. Rivaroxaban in rheumatic heart disease-associated atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:978-88. 36036525.

GRADE Study Research Group; Nathan DM, Lachin JM, Buse JB, et al. Glycemia reduction in type 2 diabetes-microvascular and cardiovascular outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:1075-88. 36129997.

GRADE Study Research Group; Nathan DM, Lachin JM, Balasubramanyam A, et al. Glycemia reduction in type 2 diabetes-glycemic outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:1063-74. 36129996.

Devauchelle-Pensec V, Carvajal-Alegria G, Dernis E, et al. Effect of tocilizumab on disease activity in patients with active polymyalgia rheumatica receiving glucocorticoid therapy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;328:1053-62. 36125471.

Hui D, Puac V, Shelal Z, et al. Effect of dexamethasone on dyspnoea in patients with cancer (ABCD): a parallel-group, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23:1321-31. 36087590.

Hsia J, Guthrie NL, Lupinacci P, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of a digital behavioral therapeutic application to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2022;45:2976-81. 36181554.

Burnside MJ, Lewis DM, Crocket HR, et al. Open-source automated insulin delivery in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:869-81. 36069869.

Prior studies comparing first-trimester pharmaceutical induced abortion (IA) with procedural IA were prone to selection bias, were underpowered to assess serious adverse events (SAEs), and did not account for confounding by indication. Starting in 2017, mifepristone-misoprostol was dispensed at no cost in outpatient pharmacies across Ontario, Canada.

This guideline updates the 2017 American College of Physicians (ACP) recommendations on pharmacologic treatment of primary osteoporosis or low bone mass to prevent fractures in adults.

The prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing in the United States.

Risk prediction models need thorough validation to assess their performance. Validation of models for survival outcomes poses challenges due to the censoring of observations and the varying time horizon at which predictions can be made. This article describes measures to evaluate predictions and the potential improvement in decision making from survival models based on Cox proportional hazards regression. As a motivating case study, the authors consider the prediction of the composite outcome of recurrence or death (the "event") in patients with breast cancer after surgery. They developed a simple Cox regression model with 3 predictors, as in the Nottingham Prognostic Index, in 2982 women (1275 events over 5 years of follow-up) and externally validated this model in 686 women (285 events over 5 years). Improvement in performance was assessed after the addition of progesterone receptor as a prognostic biomarker. The model predictions can be evaluated across the full range of observed follow-up times or for the event occurring by the end of a fixed time horizon of interest. The authors first discuss recommended statistical measures that evaluate model performance in terms of discrimination, calibration, or overall performance. Further, they evaluate the potential clinical utility of the model to support clinical decision making according to a net benefit measure. They provide SAS and R code to illustrate internal and external validation. The authors recommend the proposed set of performance measures for transparent reporting of the validity of predictions from survival models.