Glioblastoma or grade IV glioma is characterized by extremely poor prognosis. Resistance to radio- / chemotherapy and recurrences are associated with tumor stem cells. Transmembrane protein CD133 is considered a potential marker of tumor stem cells. To overcome the limitations of detecting cellular CD133 by antibodies, potential of aptamers (nucleic acid-based molecular recognition elements) is being explored. To obtain reproducible results, it is necessary to study the interaction of fluorescent aptamers to CD133 with standard cell lines and cell cultures derived from patient tumors using various methods.

To analyze different methods for autologous transplantation of stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue combined with skin grafting with split-thickness skin graft 1:6 in patients with extensive deep burns.

To systematize current data on neurogenesis and its role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, with a focus on molecular mechanisms of regulation, the nature of disorders in neurodegeneration, and the evaluation of therapeutic approaches aimed at stimulating neurogenesis.

The process of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) senescence is accompanied by alterations in their extracellular matrix (ECM), which has the potential to compromise cellular interactions within the perivascular niche. In this study, the effect of the ECM of senescent MSCs obtained in a «stress-induced model» on the paracrine activity of endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro was investigated. Senescent MSCs exhibited reduced production of structural and adhesive ECM proteins (including type I collagens, fibulins, perlecan, et al.) and increased deposition of senescence-associated molecules (PAI-1, GDF-15). When ECs were cultured on decellularized ECM of senescent MSCs, a significant decrease in the secretion of angiogenic and chemoattractant factors (SDF-1, HGF) was observed compared to young ECM. These findings highlight a potential role of ECM-mediated mechanisms in the development of age-related vascular pathologies and may provide a foundation for the design of anti-senescent therapeutic strategies.

Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that originate in the parasympathetic paraganglia of the head and neck. The diagnosis of these tumors is challenging, and the therapeutic options are limited. The study of HNPGLs is fraught with challenges at every stage. One of the main problems is the absence of HNPGL cell lines in cell repositories, which is associated with the difficulty of their culturing and low division rate. In this regard, neither functional nor preclinical studies are available for this category of tumors. This significantly slows down the study of the molecular mechanisms of HNPGL pathogenesis and the development of effective therapeutic approaches. Here, we investigated the molecular genetic characteristics of the primary HNPGL culture. Using the single-cell RNA sequencing method, expression patterns were analyzed, and cell types were annotated. The results demonstrated that the HNPGL primary culture cells were optimally divided into three clusters and had different degrees of differentiation, expressing neural tissue cell and stem cell markers. Exome sequencing revealed genetic abnormalities in the HNPGL culture, including mutations in the IGSF3, DHH, EXOSC8, SERPINA1, TYR, and NQO1 genes, aneuploidy, as well as multiple chromosomal duplications and deletions. These results enhance our knowledge of the molecular genetic features of successfully cultured HNPGL tumor cells.

Stromal vascular fraction is a heterogeneous cell population with significant regenerative potential harvested from adipose tissue. Its cells stimulate angiogenesis, have anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, stimulate cell growth and differentiation. This review highlights the mechanisms of action, as well as possibilities and results of local application of stromal vascular fraction in lower limb ischemia. Prospects of stromal vascular fraction for the treatment of lower limb ischemia are presented.

Traditional methods of treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are not always effective, especially in severe myocardial injury. One of the promising areas for the treatment of cardiac pathologies is cell transplantation using tissue-engineered constructs from allogeneic stem cells, such as cell sheets. The success of cell therapy depends on the severity of local inflammatory reactions, angiogenesis activity, and the resistance of transplant cells to hypoxia and apoptosis, as well as on their production of the extracellular matrix. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the processes associated with CVD can serve as markers of genetic dysfunction of these genes in the cardiovascular system and be used to predict the efficacy of therapy for heart disease based on tissue-engineered constructs. This review systematizes the information, allowing us to form a panel of such SNPs and analyze it. We identified seven genes at the intersection of pathways that are key to the survival of cellular constructs, VEGFA, TGFB1, FN1, IL6R, ITIH4, NRP1, and CDH13, and selected SNPs rs998584, rs8108632, rs1250259, rs6689306, rs77347777, rs75082222, and rs6565060, which are located in the regions of these genes and associated with CVD according to the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). These polymorphisms may constitute a minimal panel to search for an association with the efficacy of cell therapy in heart disease.

To systematize current knowledge on biomarkers of fundamental aging mechanisms, their reference and target values for practical application in longevity medicine.

Study of cytocompatibility of hydroxyapatite coating for titanium implants applied by high-frequency magnetron sputtering at low pressures in an inert gas atmosphere.

Investigate the effect of platelet gel addition on the biological properties of 3D PLGA-based matrices impregnated with adenoviral constructs carrying the BMP2 gene.

To evaluate the osteogenic properties of porous polylactide granules (PLA) and hydroxyapatite granules (HA) impregnated with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in vitro and in vivo.

Study of changes in the physico-mechanical and structural characteristics of highly porous matrices based on biocompatible biodegradable polyester - polylactoglycolide.

Traditional methods of nasal septum perforation surgery using vascularized flaps are quite effective, but at the same time they are associated with a long postoperative period (8-16 weeks), the risk of an inflammatory reaction, uncontrolled scarring in the area of the donor site. According to the literature, the use of collagen membranes and stem cells reduces the period of restoration of the integrity of the nasal septum to 4-6 weeks, but these methods remain expensive and inaccessible. An alternative may be autologous platelet growth factors that stimulate tissue repair and are already used in various branches of medicine. A study of the effectiveness and safety of the use of biocomposite materials in the surgical treatment of nasal septum perforation was conducted at the Sverzhevsky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology.

This study analyzed the outcomes of corneal epithelium reconstruction using the method of paralimbal oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (PLOMET) in patients with bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency.

Lung cancer occupies a leading position among malignant neoplasms throughout the world, and the issue of carcinogenesis of this disease today still remains relevant. This review examines in detail the issue of the participation of cancer stem cells in the development of lung cancer, the concept of the stem cell niche, and options for their detection using molecular and immunohistochemical studies. A separate section examines the impact of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 on CSC and lung cancer carcinogenesis in general, as well as the successful results of the use of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of both diseases.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality, which is most likely due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) in the tumor, which form a heterogeneous hierarchy and are responsible for the occurrence and progression of carcinoma, as well as its unfavorable prognosis. The ability of CSC to form heterogeneous tumor populations in lung cancer has not been sufficiently studied.

This review analyzes Russian and international literature on the treatment of bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), focusing on the use of Simple Oral Mucosal Epithelial Transplantation (SOMET) as a surgical method for restoring the ocular surface. Contemporary sources report 64 cases of SOMET used in the treatment of bilateral LSCD: 35 cases of chemical burns, 16 of thermal burns, 7 cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 1 keratitis, 1 cicatricial pemphigoid, 1 dermoid, 1 case of drug-induced LSCD (mitomycin C), etc. Notably, all transplantations resulted in complete epithelialization, and in 3 cases, penetrating keratoplasty was subsequently performed with favorable functional and anatomical outcomes.

The annual increase in the number of operations for the curvature of the nasal septum is accompanied by a proportional increase in the number of complications, for example, the development of nasal septum perforation (NSP). The frequency of NSP detection varies from 0.5% to 8%. In 60% of cases, NSP is defined as iatrogenic and is the result of surgical treatment or injury to the nose. In 12-47% of cases, NSP is idiopathic and develops as a result of chronic subatrophic rhinitis, uncontrolled use of intranasal decongestants and topical glucocorticosteroids, and in rare cases it is a manifestation of systemic diseases. The tactics of surgical treatment of NSP is a highly debatable issue. Historically, the treatment of nasal septum defects has evolved from the lengthening of small "whistling" perforations to the development of autoloscutes of the mucous membrane to perform plastic closure of nasal septum perforation. Studies conducted over the past 20 years have shown that the use of displaced vascularized mucosal flaps is the most effective method of surgical treatment of NSP. The effectiveness of this approach over the past 10 years has ranged from 70% to 90%. However, plastic closure of perforation with mucosal flaps is a very complex and labor-intensive process, it is possible provided the surgeon is highly qualified and has extensive experience, and careful care is provided during a long rehabilitation period. Modern research on the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with NSP is aimed at improving the effectiveness of the surgical stage, simplifying the surgical procedure, and shortening the rehabilitation period through the use of transplant materials and cellular technologies. Based on this, the purpose of our work was to analyze domestic and foreign studies on the use of biotechnological approaches in the closure of nasal septum defects.

Various age-related disorders accumulate during aging, causing a decline in tissue and organ function, raising the risk of disease development, and leading to death. Age-related phenotypes are tightly related to an increase in coordinated, progressive changes in the transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, microbiome, and epigenome. Age-dependent modifications of the transcriptome, caused by changes in epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, lead to the accumulation of age-related changes in the proteome and metabolome. In turn, dynamic changes in the microbiota during aging also affect gene expression and thus lead to age-related changes in the proteome and metabolome. Recent studies have shown that multi-omic rejuvenation technologies decrease age-related disorders and extend longevity. For example, the short-term induction of the expression of transcription factors that ensure the reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells is accompanied by the restoration of the DNA methylation pattern and transcriptome expression profile characteristic of younger tissues, resulting in an increased lifespan. In this review, we discuss existing multi-omic rejuvenation technologies and the prospects for extending and improving life.

Proteins of the TRIM family are involved in both innate immunity and the nervous system processes and may play an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we analyzed the expression of 35 genes of the TRIM family in neural progenitors (NPs), terminally differentiated neurons (TDNs) and glial derivatives (NGs) obtained from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of healthy donors (HD) and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), in the absence of inflammatory stimuli and upon the induction of a nonspecific inflammatory response under the influence of TNFα. In NPs and TDNs of PD patients, compared with HD cells, differences in expression were observed for only a small number of TRIM genes. Under the influence of TNFα in TDNs, the expression of individual TRIM genes was activated, which was more significant in the cells of patients with PD compared to cells of HDs. In NGs of PD patients, the expression of many TRIM genes was initially reduced compared to HD cells and remained low or further decreased after exposure to TNFα. The data obtained demonstrate differences in the network of the TRIM family members in PD neurons and glia compared to control, and also show the multidirectional influence of the inflammatory stimulus on the expression of a number of TRIM genes in these types of cells. Considering the important role of many TRIM genes in the functioning of the innate immune system, it can be assumed that, in PD, more significant disturbances in the functioning of genes of this family occur in glia compared to neurons.