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4304. The effect of vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy on infant growth and development in Nepal: a community-based, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
作者: Ram K Chandyo.;Ingrid Kvestad.;Manjeswori Ulak.;Suman Ranjitkar.;Mari Hysing.;Merina Shrestha.;Catherine Schwinger.;Adrian McCann.;Per M Ueland.;Sudha Basnet.;Laxman Shrestha.;Tor A Strand.
来源: Lancet. 2023年401卷10387期1508-1517页
Vitamin B12 is required for healthy infant growth and development, but low and marginal vitamin B12 status is endemic in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to measure the effect of vitamin B12 supplementation from early pregnancy until 6 months post partum on infant growth and neurodevelopment.
4319. Type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are reliant on insulin for survival. Despite enhanced knowledge related to the pathophysiology of the disease, including interactions between genetic, immune, and environmental contributions, and major strides in treatment and management, disease burden remains high. Studies aimed at blocking the immune attack on β cells in people at risk or individuals with very early onset type 1 diabetes show promise in preserving endogenous insulin production. This Seminar will review the field of type 1 diabetes, highlighting recent progress within the past 5 years, challenges to clinical care, and future directions in research, including strategies to prevent, manage, and cure the disease.
4320. Specific causes of excess late mortality and association with modifiable risk factors among survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort.
作者: Stephanie B Dixon.;Qi Liu.;Eric J Chow.;Kevin C Oeffinger.;Paul C Nathan.;Rebecca M Howell.;Wendy M Leisenring.;Matthew J Ehrhardt.;Kirsten K Ness.;Kevin R Krull.;Ann C Mertens.;Melissa M Hudson.;Leslie L Robison.;Yutaka Yasui.;Gregory T Armstrong.
来源: Lancet. 2023年401卷10386期1447-1457页
5-year survival after childhood cancer does not fully describe life-years lost due to childhood cancer because there are a large number of deaths occurring beyond 5-years (late mortality) related to cancer and cancer treatment. Specific causes of health-related (non-recurrence, non-external) late mortality and risk reduction through modifiable lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors are not well described. Through using a well-characterised cohort of 5-year survivors of the most common childhood cancers, we evaluated specific health-related causes of late mortality and excess deaths compared with the general US population and identified targets to reduce future risk.
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