Peripheral artery disease is a highly morbid type of atherosclerotic vascular disease involving the legs and is estimated to affect over 230 million individuals globally. Few therapies improve functional capacity and health-related quality of life in people with lower limb peripheral artery disease. We aimed to evaluate whether semaglutide improves function as measured by walking ability as well as symptoms, quality of life, and outcomes in people with peripheral artery disease and type 2 diabetes.

Chikungunya disease is a growing global public health concern. Vimkunya (previously chikungunya virus virus-like particle vaccine, previously PXVX0317) is a single-dose, pre-filled syringe for intramuscular injection. Here, we report safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity data for Vimkunya versus placebo in healthy adolescents and adults aged 12-64 years, and evaluate lot-to-lot consistency.

Colonoscopy and the faecal immunochemical test are accepted strategies for colorectal cancer screening in the average-risk population (ie, people aged ≥50 years without personal or family history of colorectal cancer). In this trial, we aimed to compare whether invitation to screening with faecal immunochemical test was non-inferior to colonoscopy in a screening programme.

Adults older than 65 years are at increased risk for atypical presentations of chikungunya disease, as well as for severe outcomes including death.

Ageing is a scientifically fascinating and complex biological occurrence characterised by morphological and functional changes due to accumulated molecular and cellular damage impairing tissue and organ function. Ageing is often accompanied by cognitive decline but is also the biggest known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia. Emerging evidence suggests that sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles accelerate brain ageing, while regular physical activity, high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), or a combination of both, can mitigate cognitive impairment and reduce dementia risk. The purpose of this Review is to explore the neuroprotective mechanisms of endurance exercise and highlight the importance of CRF in promoting healthy brain ageing. Key findings show how CRF mediates the neuroprotective effects of exercise via mechanisms such as improved cerebral blood flow, reduced inflammation, and enhanced neuroplasticity. We summarise evidence supporting the integration of endurance exercise that enhances CRF into public health initiatives as a preventive measure against age-related cognitive decline. Additionally, we address important challenges such as lack of long-term studies with harmonised study designs across preclinical and clinical settings, employing carefully controlled and repeatable exercise protocols, and outline directions for future research.