The rapid evolution of oncological treatments in patients with lung cancer has led to the emergence of targeted therapies (TT), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), which are significantly transforming the management of cancer. However, these advances are associated with complex adverse effects that affect multiple organ systems. This review explores the etiopathogenic mechanisms underlying therapy-related toxicity and describes the major adverse effects: immune-related toxicity of ICIs, "on-target" and "off-target" effects of TTs, and systemic toxicity of ADCs. Systemic toxicities are discussed, with a focus on monitoring strategies and management approaches. A multidisciplinary approach is critical to optimize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing toxicity.

Lung cancer is a common disease with a high mortality rate. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, with a median survival of 12 to 16 months. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are part of the first-line therapeutic armoury in metastatic stages. They have been shown to improve overall survival, including in patients aged 64 to 75, but the results are less clear in older patients, who are underrepresented in clinical trials. Although the management of adverse events associated with these treatments is now well protocolized, the accumulation of toxicities, even low-grade toxicities, can have an adverse impact on the quality of life of the most frail elderly patients. Geriatric assessment is essential for adapting treatments and anticipating adverse effects.

Cancer chemotherapy doses are often adapted to patients' body surface area and produced individually. Alternatively, dose-banding promotes batch production of clinically defined fixed doses, for which a standard deviation of±5% determines a band incorporating individual doses calculated on the basis of body surface area. The aim is to compare the costs of individualized and batch production of gemcitabine in a centralized chemotherapy reconstitution unit.

New anticancer strategies increasingly rely on targeted therapies, which maximize anticancer activity while reducing toxicity to healthy cells. These modern anticancer therapies (MATs) mainly include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and targeted anticancer therapies (TATs) which inhibit signal transduction pathways. These new molecules are associated with a wide range of ocular adverse events (OAEs), of varying severity: from ocular surface irritation to irreversible vision loss. ICIs can trigger autoimmune responses in all eye tissues. ADCs mainly cause ocular surface toxicity, the most specific of which being microcyst-like epithelial changes (MECs). TATs cause a wide range of OAEs, depending on their class. Oncologists and ophthalmologists will be increasingly confronted to these OAEs - some of which are still poorly characterized - as the number of prescribed NTAs increases. Close collaboration between specialists is essential for their early identification and management, which helps reduce visual and quality of life consequences for these patients. This review addresses the clinical characteristics of the main OAEs linked to MATs, the description of the suspected underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and the key points of their management.

New therapeutic agents in oncology are emerging rapidly, both in terms of the number of approved drugs and the technological and biological innovation of new treatments. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) offer a promising cancer therapy by specifically targeting tumor cells. ADC are composed of a monoclonal antibody recognizing the tumor cell via specific antigens, coupled with a potent cytotoxic agent that resembles classical chemotherapy. This mechanism of action aims to deliver the cytotoxic agent directly to the tumor cell and spare healthy cells. However, important toxicities have been reported. On the one hand, these toxicities are related to the cytotoxic agents that, once delivered locally, spread to other parts of the body. On the other hand, there are specific toxicities associated with these ADC, which we address in this article.

This article reports on new findings on integrative and complementary medicine published in 2024. The implementation of guidelines for the management of pain in cancer patients is discussed. Then, a literature review is presented, that aims to clarify the role of complementary approaches in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and provides a concrete example of how recommendations are established. Finally, a meta-analysis focusing on the efficacy of Echinacea in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections is summarized. These articles illustrate the complexity of the path from science to practice and underscore the importance of identifiable centers of reference to support the dissemination of knowledge to health care professionals and promote broad patient access to well-coordinated therapies.

Children and adolescents who are being treated or have been treated for acute leukemia have a secondary immunodeficiency linked to chemotherapy, resulting in an increased risk of infections. Some of which can be prevented by vaccination but its effectiveness is not optimal during chemotherapy. Upon cessation of chemotherapy, the time required for immune reconstitution varies from three months to more than a year, depending on lymphocyte subpopulations, the patient's age, and the intensity of the treatment received. Although they may have regained their immune functions, studies show that most patients have lost part of their vaccine-induced protection post-chemotherapy and require booster doses of vaccines. Most practitioners agree on the importance of vaccinating or revaccinating these children, but practices are heterogeneous among pediatric hematologist-oncologists in France. Based on a practice study and a recent review of the literature, this work aims to propose new French recommendations for the vaccination strategy to be adopted for children and adolescents treated or recently treated for acute leukemia, excluding allogeneic transplant recipients, in 2024. These recommendations specifically include the vaccination protocols for human papillomavirus and meningococcal infections but do not address the COVID-19 vaccination, as its guidelines are subject to rapid changes.

Cancer treatments have been dramatically modified by the introduction and the development of immunological checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). These treatments have many side effects, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Their combination with other treatments makes the diagnosis complex. To provide guidance to physicians treating these patients, the FITC and the SFNDT have developed a set of management guidelines covering pre-treatment assessment, diagnosis of the different types of damage observed, and management of acute interstitial nephritis secondary to ICI. Collaboration between oncologists and nephrologists is mandatory. The development of onconephrology is helping to improve knowledge and identify treatment pathways. The key elements of the diagnostic process are presented. The role of renal biopsy is discussed, as it appears to be underused in relation to the expected benefits. Renal biopsy allows ICI to be continued if AKI is not related to AKI. Treatment based on glucocorticoid therapy is recommended, with regimens depending on the severity of the disease and the renal response to glucocorticoid therapy. Alternative treatments for patients resistant to corticosteroids are discussed, but strong data are lacking. Rechallenge should be discussed since it seems to be associated with a good renal prognosis.

The covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (iBTKs) have profoundly transformed the management of B-cell lymphoid malignancies, particularly chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). These targeted therapies, with ibrutinib as the pioneer, have paved the way for significant improvement in the prognosis of many patients. With second-generation iBTKs such as acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib, the therapeutic landscape has expanded, offering potential new options for patients with CLL. This review focuses on the cardiovascular adverse effects associated with these treatments. It delves into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of these effects, highlighting the complex interactions between these molecules and the cardiovascular system. Additionally, it examines the frequency of adverse effects according to the type of iBTK, drawing on data from clinical trials and real-world clinical practice. Finally, the importance of close cardio-oncological monitoring is emphasized, with essential collaboration between hematologists and cardiologists. Strategies for screening and managing cardiovascular adverse effects are also discussed, emphasizing the need for a proactive approach in managing these complications. Experts propose a pragmatic follow-up of these patients, through a central illustration and a figure adapted from European cardio-oncology guidelines, to simplify hematologists' practice.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a key component of standard anticancer systemic therapy. While their immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) have been widely described, there are few data on grade≥3 irAEs. The primary aim of our descriptive study was to evaluate their incidence and characteristics.

A large body of literature highlights the importance of energy metabolism in the response of haematological malignancies to therapy. In this review, we are particularly interested in acute myeloid leukaemia, where mitochondrial metabolism plays a key role in response and resistance to treatment. We describe the new concept of mitohormesis in the response to therapy-induced stress and in the initiation of relapse in this disease.

To evaluate the anatomical and functional results of the "3+PRN" protocol in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME), determine the predictive factors for good final visual acuity, and compare it to other protocols.

In our establishment, pharmaceutical interviews in oncogeriatrics have been developed to reduce drug iatrogenesis. The target patients were older patients (≥65years) with polypharmacy and/or identified at risk of frailty (G8≤14), starting an injectable cancer protocol.

Pulmonary pneumocystis causes interstitial lung disease, particularly in patients with solid cancers. The aim of this study is to clarify its incidence, which remains poorly understood, and to identify patients at risk and prognostic factors.