Childhood-onset Sjögren's disease is a rare and under-investigated rheumatic condition. The natural course of childhood-onset Sjögren's disease in adulthood in not known. This study aimed to evaluate long-term disease trajectories and complications of childhood-onset Sjögren's disease and explore management strategies.

The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology recommendations for cardiovascular risk management highlighted the importance of traditional cardiovascular risk factor control in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). However, cardiovascular risk factor target attainment in APS and differences between primary APS and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-related APS remain uncertain.

The aim was to characterize peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in BD patients, and to stratify patient subgroups and identify prognostic biomarkers.

To characterize the risk of myositis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines.

To evaluate the relationship between Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dosage and the incidence of flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) flare incidence.

Statin-associated immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) associated with anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (anti-HMGCR) antibodies. This research determined the characteristics and outcomes of Native Americans vs non-Native Americans (non-NA) diagnosed with IIM and IMNM from the American Southwest.

The Total or Partial Knee Arthroplasty Trial (TOPKAT) aimed to evaluate the difference between total knee replacement (TKR) and partial (unicompartmental) replacement (PKR) for treatment of late-stage medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. As longevity is a key issue for joint replacement, extended follow-up periods are required to fully evaluate the long-term efficacy. In this analysis, we report the 10-year follow-up of the TOPKAT trial.

To identify patient-related factors linked to high multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) expression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and assess whether MDR1 expression affects Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor effectiveness.

To assess the cost-effectiveness of extending the interval between monitoring blood-tests beyond three monthly intervals during established treatment of adults prescribed low-dose weekly methotrexate (≤ 25 mg/week), leflunomide, or sulfasalazine.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent and often clinically significant complication of connective tissue diseases (CTDs), with substantial heterogeneity in prevalence, clinical manifestations, and disease trajectories. This themed issue of Rheumatology presents a comprehensive collection of original studies addressing critical aspects of CTD-associated ILD, including early detection, disease monitoring, prognostication, and therapeutic strategies. Advances in screening, such as lung ultrasound and deep-learning algorithms, are enhancing early ILD detection, quantification, and characterization. Novel biomarkers and genetic risk factors are being explored to support individualized risk stratification across CTDs. With the publication of recent international guidelines, evidence-based management of CTD-ILD has become more structured, providing clinicians with a clearer framework for decision-making, while real-world studies continue to refine these approaches and identify remaining therapeutic gaps. The issue also highlights emerging therapies and the need for precision-based interventions tailored to disease subtype, progression risk, and comorbidities. Collectively, these contributions underscore the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and continued research to improve outcomes for patients with CTD-ILD.

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease, associated with various inflammatory conditions. Interleukin (IL)-1 is involved in the underlying pathogenesis of both FMF and Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA). However, data on the association of FMF with PsA is scarce. We aimed to assess this association using data from a large population database.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, and its prevalence is increasing. We developed an educational tool to improve primary care provider (PCP) comfort with diagnosis and management of non-inflammatory arthritis.

To investigate adrenal function and the prevalence of glucocorticoid (GC) induced adrenal insufficiency (GIAI) in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) the first 18 months after diagnosis.

Despite increasing gender equity in the rheumatology workforce, disparities persist in leadership roles and prestigious career awards. The study aimed to identify key factors contributing to the under-representation of women among recipients of prestigious career awards in rheumatology.