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1. The Microbiome and Cancer: A Translational Science Review.
Growing evidence suggests that microbes located within the gastrointestinal tract and other anatomical locations influence the development and progression of diseases such as cancer.
2. Cataracts: A Review.
Age-related cataract, defined as progressive opacification or clouding of the eye's natural lens, is a leading cause of visual disability and blindness. Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures in high-income countries. More than 3.5 million cataract operations are performed annually in the US.
3. Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Carrie D Patnode.;Caitlyn A Senger.;Erin L Coppola.;Megan O Iacocca.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷17期1527-1537页
Interventions to support breastfeeding may help individuals and families initiate breastfeeding or breastfeed exclusively or for a prolonged period of time.
4. Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with an incidence of 4.7 cases per 100 000 individuals in 2021 in the US and a 5-year overall survival of 12% to 30%.
5. Iron Deficiency in Adults: A Review.
Absolute iron deficiency, defined as low iron stores with or without anemia, affects approximately 2 billion people worldwide and 14% of adults in the US. Iron-deficiency anemia, defined as low hemoglobin due to low iron stores, affects approximately 1.2 billion people worldwide, including 10 million in the US.
6. Long-Term Risk of Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: .;Faizan Khan.;Vignan Yogendrakumar.;Ronda Lun.;Aravind Ganesh.;Philip A Barber.;Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas.;Naja Emborg Vinding.;Ale Algra.;Christian Weimar.;Joachim Ögren.;Jodi D Edwards.;Richard H Swartz.;Angel Ois.;Eva Giralt-Steinhauer.;Andrej Netland Khanevski.;Xinyi Leng.;Xuan Tian.;Thomas W Leung.;Hong-Kyun Park.;Hee-Joon Bae.;Masahiro Kamouchi.;Tetsuro Ago.;Esmee Verburgt.;Jamie Verhoeven.;Frank-Erik de Leeuw.;Bernhard P Berghout.;M Kamran Ikram.;Karel Kostev.;William Whiteley.;Toshiyuki Uehara.;Kazuo Minematsu.;Fredrik Ildstad.;Simon Fandler-Höfler.;Karoliina Aarnio.;Bettina von Sarnowski.;Matteo Foschi.;Jing Jing.;Minyoul Baik.;Young Dae Kim.;Michele Domenico Spampinato.;Yasuhiro Hasegawa.;Kanjana Perera.;Francisco Purroy.;Dipankar Dutta.;Xiaoli Yang.;Julian Lippert.;Laura Myers.;Dawn M Bravata.;Monica Santos.;Sarah Coveney.;Carlos Garcia-Esperon.;Christopher R Levi.;Diane L Lorenzetti.;Shabnam Vatanpour.;Yongjun Wang.;Gregory W Albers.;Philippa Lavallee.;Pierre Amarenco.;Shelagh B Coutts.;Michael D Hill.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷17期1508-1519页
After a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke, the long-term risk of stroke is not well-known.
7. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Review.
作者: Fouad T Chebib.;Christian Hanna.;Peter C Harris.;Vicente E Torres.;Neera K Dahl.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷19期1708-1719页
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by progressive development of kidney cysts and is the most common inherited kidney disorder worldwide. ADPKD accounts for 5% to 10% of kidney failure in the US and Europe, and its prevalence in the US is 9.3 per 10 000 individuals.
8. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Review.
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has an annual incidence of 2 cases per 100 000 people and is newly diagnosed in approximately 9300 individuals per year in the US. Approximately 150 000 people in the US and 5 million worldwide have CML.
9. Preventive Services for Food Insecurity: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Elizabeth A O'Connor.;Elizabeth M Webber.;Allea M Martin.;Michelle L Henninger.;Michelle L Eder.;Jennifer S Lin.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷15期1340-1351页
An estimated 12.8% of US households experienced food insecurity in 2022.
10. Prostate Cancer: A Review.
Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin cancer in men in the US, with an estimated 299 010 new cases and 35 250 deaths in 2024. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide, with 1 466 680 new cases and 396 792 deaths in 2022.
11. Eating Disorders: A Review.
Eating disorders are characterized by disturbances in eating behavior and occur worldwide, with a lifetime prevalence of 2% to 5%. They are more common among females than males and may be associated with medical and psychiatric complications, impaired functioning, and decreased quality of life.
12. Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Apparently Healthy, Young Adults.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence in apparently healthy adults younger than 40 years ranges from 4 to 14 per 100 000 person-years worldwide. Of an estimated 350 000 to 450 000 total annual out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the US, approximately 10% survive.
13. Age and Sex Differences in Efficacy of Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis.
作者: Peter Hanlon.;Elaine Butterly.;Lili Wei.;Heather Wightman.;Saleh Ali M Almazam.;Khalid Alsallumi.;Jamie Crowther.;Ryan McChrystal.;Heidi Rennison.;Katherine Hughes.;Jim Lewsey.;Robert Lindsay.;Stuart McGurnaghan.;John Petrie.;Laurie A Tomlinson.;Sarah Wild.;Amanda Adler.;Naveed Sattar.;David M Phillippo.;Sofia Dias.;Nicky J Welton.;David A McAllister.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷12期1062-1073页
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors improve hyperglycemia, and SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is not clear whether efficacy varies by age or sex.
14. Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Review.
作者: Nirmish Singla.;Aditya Bagrodia.;Ezra Baraban.;Christian D Fankhauser.;Yasser M A Ged.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷9期793-803页
Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy among males aged 15 to 40 years in the US, with approximately 10 000 new cases diagnosed each year. Between 90% and 95% of testicular cancers are germ cell tumors (GCTs).
15. Essential Thrombocythemia: A Review.
作者: Ayalew Tefferi.;Naseema Gangat.;Giuseppe Gaetano Loscocco.;Paola Guglielmelli.;Natasha Szuber.;Animesh Pardanani.;Attilio Orazi.;Tiziano Barbui.;Alessandro Maria Vannucchi.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷8期701-714页
Essential thrombocythemia, a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm with excessive platelet production, is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and bleeding. The annual incidence rate of essential thrombocythemia in the US is 1.5/100 000 persons.
16. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: A Systematic Evidence Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Leila C Kahwati.;Christine E Kistler.;Graham Booth.;Nila Sathe.;Rachel D'Amico Gordon.;Ebiere Okah.;Roberta C Wines.;Meera Viswanathan.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷6期509-531页
Fragility fractures result in significant morbidity.
17. Atrial Fibrillation: A Review.
作者: Darae Ko.;Mina K Chung.;Peter T Evans.;Emelia J Benjamin.;Robert H Helm.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷4期329-342页
In the US, approximately 10.55 million adults have atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is associated with significantly increased risk of stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, dementia, chronic kidney disease, and mortality.
18. Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Review.
Axial spondyloarthritis is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition involving the sacroiliac joints, spine, and peripheral joints. It affects approximately 1% of adults in the US and is associated with impaired physical function and reduced quality of life.
19. Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycythemia Vera: A Review.
作者: Douglas Tremblay.;Marina Kremyanskaya.;John Mascarenhas.;Ronald Hoffman.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷2期153-160页
Polycythemia vera (PV), a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by an increased red blood cell mass and increased risk of thrombosis, affects approximately 65 000 people in the US, with an annual incidence of 0.5 to 4.0 cases per 100 000 persons.
20. Calcific Aortic Stenosis: A Review.
Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) restricts the aortic valve opening during systole due to calcification and fibrosis of either a congenital bicuspid or a normal trileaflet aortic valve. In the US, AS affects 1% to 2% of adults older than 65 years and approximately 12% of adults older than 75 years. Worldwide, AS leads to more than 100 000 deaths annually.
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