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1. Prediction of Bacteremia and Bacterial Meningitis Among Febrile Infants Aged 28 Days or Younger.
作者: Brett Burstein.;Thomas Waterfield.;Etimbuk Umana.;Jianling Xie.;Nathan Kuppermann.
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷5期425-433页
Fever in the first month of life is often the only sign of life-threatening invasive bacterial infection, specifically bacteremia or bacterial meningitis. Most international guidelines recommend routine lumbar punctures for all febrile infants 28 days or younger to rule out bacterial meningitis. Clinical prediction rules may allow for select testing, but limited information exists on their performance to identify infants at low risk for invasive bacterial infections.
2. SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Outcomes by Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria: A Meta-Analysis.
作者: Brendon L Neuen.;Robert A Fletcher.;Stefan D Anker.;Deepak L Bhatt.;Javed Butler.;David Z I Cherney.;Kieran F Docherty.;Silvio E Inzucchi.;Meg J Jardine.;Kenneth W Mahaffey.;Finnian R McCausland.;Darren K McGuire.;John J V McMurray.;Bruce Neal.;Milton Packer.;Siddharth M Patel.;Vlado Perkovic.;Marc S Sabatine.;Rebecca J Sardell.;Scott D Solomon.;Muthiah Vaduganathan.;Christoph Wanner.;David C Wheeler.;Faiez Zannad.;Richard Haynes.;Natalie Staplin.;William G Herrington.;Hiddo J L Heerspink.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷3期233-244页
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in individuals with type 2 diabetes, CKD, or heart failure. However, their effects in those with stage 4 CKD or little to no albuminuria remain uncertain.
3. Discordance in Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based eGFR and Clinical Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis.
作者: Michelle M Estrella.;Shoshana H Ballew.;Yingying Sang.;Morgan E Grams.;Josef Coresh.;Aditya Surapaneni.;Natalia Alencar de Pinho.;Johan Ärnlöv.;Hermann Brenner.;Juan-Jesus Carrero.;Teresa K Chen.;Debbie L Cohen.;Mary Cushman.;Ron T Gansevoort.;Shih-Jen Hwang.;Lesley A Inker.;Joachim H Ix.;Keiko Kabasawa.;Tsuneo Konta.;Jennifer S Lees.;Kevan R Polkinghorne.;Michael G Shlipak.;Robin W M Vernooij.;David C Wheeler.;Ashok Kumar Yadav.;Andrew S Levey.;Kai-Uwe Eckardt.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷21期1915-1926页
Estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) can differ according to whether creatinine or cystatin C is used for the eGFR calculation, but the prevalence and importance of these differences remain unclear.
4. Effects of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors by Diabetes Status and Level of Albuminuria: A Meta-Analysis.
作者: Natalie Staplin.;Alistair J Roddick.;Brendon L Neuen.;Stefan D Anker.;Deepak L Bhatt.;Javed Butler.;David Z Cherney.;Kieran F Docherty.;Robert A Fletcher.;Silvio E Inzucchi.;Meg Jardine.;Kenneth W Mahaffey.;Darren K McGuire.;John J V McMurray.;Bruce Neal.;Milton Packer.;Siddharth M Patel.;Vlado Perkovic.;Marc S Sabatine.;Scott Solomon.;Muthiah Vaduganathan.;Christoph Wanner.;David C Wheeler.;Faiez Zannad.;Richard Haynes.;Hiddo J L Heerspink.;William G Herrington.; .
来源: JAMA. 2026年335卷3期220-232页
There is uncertainty about the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in participants with chronic kidney disease, with guidelines offering different strengths of recommendation based on diabetes status and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR).
5. Long-Term Risk of Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: .;Faizan Khan.;Vignan Yogendrakumar.;Ronda Lun.;Aravind Ganesh.;Philip A Barber.;Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas.;Naja Emborg Vinding.;Ale Algra.;Christian Weimar.;Joachim Ögren.;Jodi D Edwards.;Richard H Swartz.;Angel Ois.;Eva Giralt-Steinhauer.;Andrej Netland Khanevski.;Xinyi Leng.;Xuan Tian.;Thomas W Leung.;Hong-Kyun Park.;Hee-Joon Bae.;Masahiro Kamouchi.;Tetsuro Ago.;Esmee Verburgt.;Jamie Verhoeven.;Frank-Erik de Leeuw.;Bernhard P Berghout.;M Kamran Ikram.;Karel Kostev.;William Whiteley.;Toshiyuki Uehara.;Kazuo Minematsu.;Fredrik Ildstad.;Simon Fandler-Höfler.;Karoliina Aarnio.;Bettina von Sarnowski.;Matteo Foschi.;Jing Jing.;Minyoul Baik.;Young Dae Kim.;Michele Domenico Spampinato.;Yasuhiro Hasegawa.;Kanjana Perera.;Francisco Purroy.;Dipankar Dutta.;Xiaoli Yang.;Julian Lippert.;Laura Myers.;Dawn M Bravata.;Monica Santos.;Sarah Coveney.;Carlos Garcia-Esperon.;Christopher R Levi.;Diane L Lorenzetti.;Shabnam Vatanpour.;Yongjun Wang.;Gregory W Albers.;Philippa Lavallee.;Pierre Amarenco.;Shelagh B Coutts.;Michael D Hill.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷17期1508-1519页
After a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke, the long-term risk of stroke is not well-known.
6. Age and Sex Differences in Efficacy of Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis.
作者: Peter Hanlon.;Elaine Butterly.;Lili Wei.;Heather Wightman.;Saleh Ali M Almazam.;Khalid Alsallumi.;Jamie Crowther.;Ryan McChrystal.;Heidi Rennison.;Katherine Hughes.;Jim Lewsey.;Robert Lindsay.;Stuart McGurnaghan.;John Petrie.;Laurie A Tomlinson.;Sarah Wild.;Amanda Adler.;Naveed Sattar.;David M Phillippo.;Sofia Dias.;Nicky J Welton.;David A McAllister.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷12期1062-1073页
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors improve hyperglycemia, and SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is not clear whether efficacy varies by age or sex.
7. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: A Systematic Evidence Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Leila C Kahwati.;Christine E Kistler.;Graham Booth.;Nila Sathe.;Rachel D'Amico Gordon.;Ebiere Okah.;Roberta C Wines.;Meera Viswanathan.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷6期509-531页
Fragility fractures result in significant morbidity.
8. Inhaled Reliever Therapies for Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Daniel G Rayner.;Dario M Ferri.;Gordon H Guyatt.;Paul M O'Byrne.;Romina Brignardello-Petersen.;Farid Foroutan.;Bradley Chipps.;Kaharu Sumino.;Tamara T Perry.;Sharmilee Nyenhuis.;John Oppenheimer.;Elliot Israel.;Flavia Hoyte.;Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric.;Ellen McCabe.;Susana Rangel.;Lindsay E Shade.;Valerie G Press.;Lisa Hall.;Dia Sue-Wah-Sing.;Angel Melendez.;Hilarry Orr.;Tonya Winders.;Donna D Gardner.;Kathyrn Przywara.;Matthew A Rank.;Leonard B Bacharier.;Giselle Mosnaim.;Derek K Chu.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷2期143-152页
The optimal inhaled reliever therapy for asthma remains unclear.
9. Prolonged vs Intermittent Infusions of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Adults With Sepsis or Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Mohd H Abdul-Aziz.;Naomi E Hammond.;Stephen J Brett.;Menino O Cotta.;Jan J De Waele.;Anthony Devaux.;Gian Luca Di Tanna.;Joel M Dulhunty.;Hatem Elkady.;Lars Eriksson.;M Shahnaz Hasan.;Ayesha Bibi Khan.;Jeffrey Lipman.;Xiaoqiu Liu.;Giacomo Monti.;John Myburgh.;Emmanuel Novy.;Shahed Omar.;Dorrilyn Rajbhandari.;Claire Roger.;Fredrik Sjövall.;Irene Zaghi.;Alberto Zangrillo.;Anthony Delaney.;Jason A Roberts.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷8期638-648页
There is uncertainty about whether prolonged infusions of β-lactam antibiotics improve clinically important outcomes in critically ill adults with sepsis or septic shock.
10. Interventions to Prevent Falls in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Janelle M Guirguis-Blake.;Leslie A Perdue.;Erin L Coppola.;Sarah I Bean.
来源: JAMA. 2024年332卷1期58-69页
Falls are the most common cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality in older adults.
11. Revisiting Race and the Benefit of RAS Blockade in Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
作者: Li Shen.;Matthew M Y Lee.;Pardeep S Jhund.;Christopher B Granger.;Inder S Anand.;Aldo P Maggioni.;Marc A Pfeffer.;Scott D Solomon.;Karl Swedberg.;Salim Yusuf.;John J V McMurray.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷24期2094-2104页
Concerns have arisen that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers are less effective in Black patients than non-Black patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
12. Survival Benefit Associated With Participation in Clinical Trials of Anticancer Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Renata Iskander.;Hannah Moyer.;Karine Vigneault.;Salaheddin M Mahmud.;Jonathan Kimmelman.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷24期2105-2113页
Many cancer clinical investigators view clinical trials as offering better care for patients than routine clinical care. However, definitive evidence of clinical benefit from trial participation (hereafter referred to as the participation effect) has yet to emerge.
13. Does This Patient Have Alcohol Use Disorder?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: Evan Wood.;Jeffrey Pan.;Zishan Cui.;Paxton Bach.;Brittany Dennis.;Seonaid Nolan.;M Eugenia Socias.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷14期1215-1224页
The accuracy of screening tests for alcohol use disorder (defined as a problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress) requires reassessment to align with the latest definition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5).
14. Cancer Stage Compared With Mortality as End Points in Randomized Clinical Trials of Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Xiaoshuang Feng.;Hana Zahed.;Justina Onwuka.;Matthew E J Callister.;Mattias Johansson.;Ruth Etzioni.;Hilary A Robbins.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷22期1910-1917页
Randomized clinical trials of cancer screening typically use cancer-specific mortality as the primary end point. The incidence of stage III-IV cancer is a potential alternative end point that may accelerate completion of randomized clinical trials of cancer screening.
15. Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Meera Viswanathan.;Caroline Rains.;Laura C Hart.;Emma Doran.;Nila Sathe.;Kesha Hudson.;Rania Ali.;Daniel E Jonas.;Roger Chou.;Adam J Zolotor.
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷11期959-971页
Child maltreatment is associated with serious negative physical, psychological, and behavioral consequences.
16. Time to Treatment With Intravenous Thrombolysis Before Thrombectomy and Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis.
作者: Johannes Kaesmacher.;Fabiano Cavalcante.;Manon Kappelhof.;Kilian M Treurniet.;Leon Rinkel.;Jianmin Liu.;Bernard Yan.;Wenjie Zi.;Kazumi Kimura.;Omer F Eker.;Yongwei Zhang.;Eike I Piechowiak.;Wim van Zwam.;Sheng Liu.;Daniel Strbian.;Maarten Uyttenboogaart.;Tomas Dobrocky.;Zhongrong Miao.;Kentaro Suzuki.;Lei Zhang.;Robert van Oostenbrugge.;Thomas R Meinel.;Changwei Guo.;David Seiffge.;Congguo Yin.;Lukas Bütikofer.;Hester Lingsma.;Daan Nieboer.;Pengfei Yang.;Peter Mitchell.;Charles Majoie.;Urs Fischer.;Yvo Roos.;Jan Gralla.; .
来源: JAMA. 2024年331卷9期764-777页
The benefit of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke declines with longer time from symptom onset, but it is not known whether a similar time dependency exists for IVT followed by thrombectomy.
17. Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者: Melissa McPheeters.;Elizabeth A O'Connor.;Sean Riley.;Sara M Kennedy.;Christiane Voisin.;Kaitlin Kuznacic.;Cory P Coffey.;Mark D Edlund.;Georgiy Bobashev.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷17期1653-1665页
Alcohol use disorder affects more than 28.3 million people in the United States and is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality.
18. Screening, Referral, Behavioral Counseling, and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Children and Adolescents Aged 5 to 17 Years: A Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Roger Chou.;Christina Bougatsos.;Jessica Griffin.;Shelley S Selph.;Azrah Ahmed.;Rongwei Fu.;Chad Nix.;Eli Schwarz.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷17期1674-1686页
Dental caries is common in children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years and potentially amenable to primary care screening and prevention.
19. Orthostatic Hypotension, Hypertension Treatment, and Cardiovascular Disease: An Individual Participant Meta-Analysis.
作者: Stephen P Juraschek.;Jiun-Ruey Hu.;Jennifer L Cluett.;Anthony M Ishak.;Carol Mita.;Lewis A Lipsitz.;Lawrence J Appel.;Nigel S Beckett.;Ruth L Coleman.;William C Cushman.;Barry R Davis.;Greg Grandits.;Rury R Holman.;Edgar R Miller.;Ruth Peters.;Jan A Staessen.;Addison A Taylor.;Lutgarde Thijs.;Jackson T Wright.;Kenneth J Mukamal.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷15期1459-1471页
There are ongoing concerns about the benefits of intensive vs standard blood pressure (BP) treatment among adults with orthostatic hypotension or standing hypotension.
20. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Albuminuria, and Adverse Outcomes: An Individual-Participant Data Meta-Analysis.
作者: .;Morgan E Grams.;Josef Coresh.;Kunihiro Matsushita.;Shoshana H Ballew.;Yingying Sang.;Aditya Surapaneni.;Natalia Alencar de Pinho.;Amanda Anderson.;Lawrence J Appel.;Johan Ärnlöv.;Fereidoun Azizi.;Nisha Bansal.;Samira Bell.;Henk J G Bilo.;Nigel J Brunskill.;Juan J Carrero.;Steve Chadban.;John Chalmers.;Jing Chen.;Elizabeth Ciemins.;Massimo Cirillo.;Natalie Ebert.;Marie Evans.;Alejandro Ferreiro.;Edouard L Fu.;Masafumi Fukagawa.;Jamie A Green.;Orlando M Gutierrez.;William G Herrington.;Shih-Jen Hwang.;Lesley A Inker.;Kunitoshi Iseki.;Tazeen Jafar.;Simerjot K Jassal.;Vivekanand Jha.;Aya Kadota.;Ronit Katz.;Anna Köttgen.;Tsuneo Konta.;Florian Kronenberg.;Brian J Lee.;Jennifer Lees.;Adeera Levin.;Helen C Looker.;Rupert Major.;Cheli Melzer Cohen.;Makiko Mieno.;Mariko Miyazaki.;Olivier Moranne.;Isao Muraki.;David Naimark.;Dorothea Nitsch.;Wonsuk Oh.;Michelle Pena.;Tanjala S Purnell.;Charumathi Sabanayagam.;Michihiro Satoh.;Simon Sawhney.;Elke Schaeffner.;Ben Schöttker.;Jenny I Shen.;Michael G Shlipak.;Smeeta Sinha.;Benedicte Stengel.;Keiichi Sumida.;Marcello Tonelli.;Jose M Valdivielso.;Arjan D van Zuilen.;Frank L J Visseren.;Angela Yee-Moon Wang.;Chi-Pang Wen.;David C Wheeler.;Hiroshi Yatsuya.;Kunihiro Yamagata.;Jae Won Yang.;Ann Young.;Haitao Zhang.;Luxia Zhang.;Andrew S Levey.;Ron T Gansevoort.
来源: JAMA. 2023年330卷13期1266-1277页
Chronic kidney disease (low estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] or albuminuria) affects approximately 14% of adults in the US.
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