Guinea has the highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sub-Saharan Africa (> 21 cases/100,000 habitants/year). This high incidence is largely attributed to the combination of a high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and significant exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a known carcinogen. However, the clinical presentation of HCC in Guinea has not been well-documented to date.

Esophageal achalasia is a rare disease characterized by impaired peristalsis throughout the esophagus, marked esophageal dilation, and nonorganic stenosis of the lower esophagus due to degeneration of the Auerbach's plexus, and it is a known risk factor for esophageal cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of achalasia‑associated advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma successfully treated using a multidisciplinary approach.

Helicobacter pylori is a primary driver of peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma, yet epidemiological data regarding its prevalence among indigenous communities in Sarawak are scarce. This study aimed to determine the H. pylori seroprevalence and identify associated socio-demographic and lifestyle factors within the Dayak population.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high mortality, frequent recurrence, and limited long-term benefit from systemic therapy and radiotherapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of covalently closed non-coding RNAs with high molecular stability and tissue-specific expression, have emerged as important regulators of HCC biology and treatment response.

Crohn's disease (CD) frequently progresses to stricturing complications. Anti-stricture therapies are lacking, and anti-inflammatory therapies are hence the mainstay of medical treatment. However, data on the efficacy of vedolizumab in stricturing CD are not available. We therefore aimed to assess outcomes of vedolizumab in this setting.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic disorders with relapsing and remitting disease courses. Several clinical indicators and biomarkers have been evaluated for their clinical utility in assessing disease prognosis and monitoring disease activity. This study evaluated the utility of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) and bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP6) in inflammatory pathways and iron regulation in IBD.

Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis represent an important pathological continuum in the progression of chronic liver disease to primary liver cancer and are associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to assess long-term mortality trends in liver cancer with hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis coding in the United States from 1999 to 2020 and to examine disparities across demographic and geographic subgroups.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), and to establish a prognostic prediction model incorporating MetS.

Gastroenteritis remains a common gastrointestinal disorder with health and socioeconomic impacts. However, data on its epidemiological characteristics in rural areas of China are limited. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with gastroenteritis among adults in a rural population in China.

To explore factors associated with comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and to compare the performance of logistic regression models (LRM) and decision tree models (DTM) in risk identification and assessment.

Desmoid tumors (aggressive fibromatosis) are rare, locally invasive fibroblastic neoplasms with no metastatic potential but a propensity for local recurrence. Primary involvement of the liver is exceptionally uncommon and poses significant diagnostic challenges due to overlapping radiologic features with primary hepatic malignancies and other spindle cell neoplasms. Large mesenchymal tumors may rarely be associated with nonislet cell tumor hypoglycemia.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is strongly linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Alterations in gut microbiota have been implicated in its pathogenesis, and synbiotic therapies combining probiotics and prebiotics have gained interest as potential treatment strategies.

This investigation was to assess the association between endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX) levels and mortality risk in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients.

To systematically evaluate the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI) models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to pool sensitivity and specificity using a diagnostic meta-analysis, with further assessment of the robustness of findings across different validation levels.

Limitations of liver biopsy have driven the development of noninvasive liver fibrosis assessment models. Most noninvasive liver fibrosis models have been developed in hepatitis B or C cohorts but not in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) cohorts. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the predictive performance of 23 existing noninvasive models for fibrosis staging in untreated Chinese patients with AIH.

Surveillance for nonadvanced adenomas (NAAs) relies on lesion count, but evidence is limited for individuals with 3 to 4 or 5 to 10 NAAs and for size-based risk stratification. We evaluated advanced colorectal neoplasm (ACN; adenomas ≥10 mm, tubulovillous/villous histology, high-grade dysplasia, or cancer) risk by NAA count and size.

Pancreatitis is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Genome-wide association studies identified polymorphisms at the X-linked CLDN2 locus as risk factors for chronic pancreatitis. CLDN2 encodes claudin-2 (CLDN2), a paracellular cation-selective channel at tight junctions. However, its role in pancreatitis susceptibility remains unclear. We aimed to determine the role of CLDN2 in pancreatitis onset and progression.

For patients undergoing colorectal cancer screening with stool-based tests followed by a negative colonoscopy, management can be challenging due to potential concern for upper aerodigestive cancer or extra-colonic cancer. We sought to synthesize contemporary clinical approaches and cancer outcomes following a positive stool test and a negative colonoscopy and to identify areas in need of further research.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a significant driver of disease flares and poor outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to increased hospitalization, intensified or failed therapy, and higher surgical rates. Compared with the non-IBD population, patients with IBD face greater CDI risk and severity and higher recurrence risk, creating clinical dilemmas when considering antibiotic selection and the timing or necessity of IBD-related therapy adjustments. Emerging evidence highlights microbiota-based therapies such as unapproved fecal microbiota transplantation or US Food and Drug Administration-approved donor-derived therapies as a promising therapeutic avenue for recurrent CDI in patients with IBD, reflecting a growing emphasis on microbiome-directed interventions. This review examines the evolving literature, considering the diagnosis and management strategies and offering pragmatic guidance to optimize outcomes for patients with IBD challenged by concomitant CDI and recurrent CDI.

The prognostic role of preoperative psoas muscle index (PMI) among esophageal cancer patients undergoing the surgery remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the association of preoperative PMI with postoperative clinical outcomes in surgical esophageal cancer patients.