266. Strategies to Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Health Care for Chronic Conditions : An Evidence Map of Research From 2017 to 2024.
作者: Toyin Lamina.;Hamdi I Abdi.;Kathryn Behrens.;Romil Parikh.;Kathleen Call.;Amy M Claussen.;Janette Dill.;Stuart W Grande.;Laura Houghtaling.;Rhonda Jones-Webb.;Manka Nkimbeng.;Elizabeth A Rogers.;Shahnaz Sultan.;Rachel Widome.;Timothy J Wilt.;Mary Butler.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2025年178卷1期88-97页
Racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care persist in the United States, adversely affecting outcomes in prevention and treatment of chronic conditions among adults.
267. Clinical Characteristics and Current Management of U.S. Adults at Elevated Risk for Heart Failure Using the PREVENT Equations: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.
作者: Jeremy B Sussman.;Linnea M Wilson.;James F Burke.;Boback Ziaeian.;Timothy S Anderson.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2025年178卷1期144-147页 269. Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Patients.
作者: Roma Gianchandani.;Margaret Wei.;Andrew Demidowich.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2024年177卷12期ITC177-ITC192页
People with diabetes account for 25% of hospitalizations, or 8 million admissions annually. Poor glycemic control in the hospital is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and readmissions. Key considerations of inpatient diabetes management include initiation of appropriate insulin or medication regimens and frequent dose adjustments based on patient-specific factors. Inpatient diabetes management teams and new technologies are increasingly prevalent and can assist in achieving glycemic targets in the hospital. At discharge, standardized checklists should be used to ensure successful transitions of care.
270. How Would You Manage This Patient With Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms? Grand Rounds Discussion From Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
作者: Howard Libman.;Timothy S Anderson.;Vikram V Rangan.;Eileen E Reynolds.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2024年177卷12期1695-1701页
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common medical condition presenting with heartburn, regurgitation, cough, hoarseness, and/or wheezing. Patients with classic GERD symptoms often do not require diagnostic studies before empirical treatment is initiated. However, if atypical features are present, including alarm symptoms for malignancy, or if symptoms do not respond to conventional treatment, upper endoscopy may be necessary. The optimal management of GERD, which is the subject of debate, depends on the frequency and severity of symptoms. In 2021, the American College of Gastroenterology published updated recommendations for diagnosis and management of GERD. In addition to histamine-2 receptor antagonist or proton-pump inhibitor therapy, which may be prescribed as needed or continuously, lifestyle and dietary modification are often advised. Here, 2 physicians, a primary care practitioner and a gastroenterologist, debate how to manage a patient with GERD symptoms. They discuss the diagnosis of this condition, its initial management, indications for upper endoscopy, and how to care for the patient whose condition does not respond to empirical therapy.
271. Development and Evaluation of a Comprehensive Prediction Model for Incident Coronary Heart Disease Using Genetic, Social, and Lifestyle-Psychological Factors: A Prospective Analysis of the UK Biobank.
作者: Mohammadreza Naderian.;Kristjan Norland.;Daniel J Schaid.;Iftikhar J Kullo.
来源: Ann Intern Med. 2025年178卷1期1-10页
Clinical risk calculators for coronary heart disease (CHD) do not include genetic, social, and lifestyle-psychological risk factors.
273. In HF with functional MR, TEER with MitraClip improved HF hospitalization or CV death and health status.
Anker SD, Friede T, von Bardeleben RS, et al; RESHAPE-HF2 Investigators. Transcatheter valve repair in heart failure with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2024;391:1799-1809. 39216092.
274. Diagnostic performance of 5 FITs varied for detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia.
Levy BT, Xu Y, Daly JM, et al. Comparative performance of common fecal immunochemical tests: a cross-sectional study. Ann Intern Med. 2024;177:1350-1360. 39222513.
275. In stable CAD and aortic stenosis, adding routine PCI to TAVI reduced MACE but increased bleeding at 2 y.
Lønborg J, Jabbari R, Sabbah M, et al; NOTION-3 Study Group. PCI in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic-valve implantation. N Engl J Med. 2024 Aug 31. [Epub ahead of print.] 39216095.
276. After PCI for ACS or stable CAD, DAPT for 1 mo vs. >1 mo reduces major bleeding without increasing stent thrombosis.
Bajraktari G, Bytyçi I, Abdyli G, et al. One-month dual antiplatelet therapy reduces major bleeding compared with longer-term treatment without excess stent thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Am J Cardiol. 2024;227:91-97. 39029722.
277. In HF with secondary MR at high surgical risk, TEER was noninferior to surgery for CV events and reduced safety events at 1 y.
Baldus S, Doenst T, Pfister R, et al; MATTERHORN Investigators. Transcatheter repair versus mitral-valve surgery for secondary mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2024;391:1787-1798. 39216093.
280. In persons exposed to influenza, zanamivir, oseltamivir, laninamivir, and baloxavir reduce symptomatic seasonal influenza.
Zhao Y, Gao Y, Guyatt G, et al. Antivirals for post-exposure prophylaxis of influenza: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2024;404:764-772. 39181596.
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