Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is resistant to most antitumor treatments, leaving chemotherapy as the primary option. Although doxorubicin (Dox) in combination with other therapies is promising for TNBC management, the combined effect is still compromised by the dose-limiting toxicities of Dox. Here, we developed a chemotherapeutic drug scavenger (CDS) by encapsulating GC-rich DNA-preferred binding targets of Dox-within an erythrocyte membrane functionalized with a normal tissue-targeting (NTT) peptide. Mimicking the structure of the cell nucleus, CDS selectively absorbs and neutralizes Dox in susceptible normal organs while sparing tumor tissues. This targeted detoxification allows for safe escalation of the Dox dose to 15 mg/kg, three times the standard 5 mg/kg, without observable toxicity. Such a high Dox dose enabled by CDS pretreatment significantly inhibited the post-operative residual/metastasized 4T1 tumor growth, regardless of the early or later stages of the tumor. Also, delivery of a high dose of Dox into the 4T1 tumor could profoundly increase the G2/M arrest, facilitating the combination therapy with a low-powered radiation of 2 Gy. Further, tumor exposure to high Dox amounts could convert the 4T1 tumor microenvironment from 'cold' to 'hot', leading to improved infiltration of immune cells, including T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Overall, this study demonstrates how the safe injection of high amounts of Dox enabled by CDS detoxification could augment and extend Dox's functionality combined with surgery, radiotherapy, and cell therapy for TNBC treatment.

Methionine gamma-lyase (MGL) specifically targets L-methionine-dependent cancer cells, making it a promising candidate for anti-cancer drug development. This study aims to purify and characterize L-methioninase from Pseudomonas mosselii and evaluate its potential anti-cancer properties.

Intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents is the standard of care for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), but treatment resistance and incomplete fluid resolution remain challenges in refractory cases. This study investigates the real-world outcomes of faricimab in patients with previously treated refractory nAMD.

This study aims to determine the 30-day mortality rate following intravenous systemic anticancer therapies (SACT) and to compare mortality rates between different therapeutic modalities, including immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, and chemotherapy.

Bioactive compounds with a wide range of chemical compositions and biological functions are found in the Chlorophyceae family. The present work investigated the anticancer effect of ethanolic extract from Chara vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and its selenium nanoformulation (CvSeNPs) against solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC).

To evaluate the evidence for tamoxifen induced alterations of retina blood flow in macula region, using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA).

Endocrine therapies, including tamoxifen (TMX) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs), are widely used in breast cancer treatment. This study aims to evaluate the cardiovascular risks associated with these therapies in different age groups of non-metastatic breast cancer patients.

Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has emerged as the first-line standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer. However, obvious survival benefits in patients with peritoneal metastatic gastric cancer remain elusive. The combination of anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapy has shown synergistic effects. However, currently there are no relevant reports on the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with anti-angiogenic agents and chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer peritoneal metastatic.

Few advancements in treating limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) have been made in decades. We aim to explore the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) for treating LS-SCLC.

Given the prevalence of RAS mutations in various cancers, personalized therapeutic approaches, guided by molecular markers, are essential. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) have emerged as potential therapeutic options; however, they also face obstacles such as toxicity and limited efficacy. Alternative strategies, such as direct inhibitors combined with pathway modulators, RNA interference, and gene-editing technologies, are under clinical investigation. The targeting of RAS, complicated by its structural nuances, particularly in the G domain, has advanced with the identification of druggable pockets such as the SW-II pocket. This breakthrough has led to the development of targeted therapeutics, such as sotorasib and adagrasib, for KRAS G12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, these advancements face challenges, including adaptive resistance and the necessity for isoform selectivity. New inhibitors, such as LY3537982 or GDC-6036, are promising, but achieving effective and selective RAS inhibition remains a significant challenge. Additionally, clinical trials have highlighted variability in patient responses, attributing limited treatment efficacy to resistance mechanisms, including on-target mutations and off-target pathway activations. Finally, the RAS oncogene, traditionally viewed as predominantly pro-cancerous, plays a complex role in oncogenesis, with recent evidence suggesting context-dependent effects, such as inducing senescence in certain cells. This shift in understanding underscores the therapeutic potential of manipulating the interplay between RAS and TP53 mutations in cancer. In conclusion, the complexity of effectively targeting the RAS-RAF-ERK pathway is exacerbated by the diverse resistance mechanisms. Challenges such as off-target effects and delivery issues remain significant barriers in the introduction of effective therapies based on RAS inhibitors. This overview highlights the evolving nature of targeting RAS in cancer therapy.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection constitutes a major pathogenic factor in gastric carcinogenesis and is extensively involved in tumor development, progression, and the modulation of the immune microenvironment. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown remarkable advancements in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, their efficacy varies markedly between patients. Emerging evidence indicates that the H. pylori infection status may profoundly affect treatment efficacy. Research has demonstrated that H. pylori regulates the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and anti-tumor immune responses through virulence factors (e.g., CagA and VacA) and alterations in the immune microenvironment. Additionally, infection-associated dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and suppression of T cell function are implicated in diminished ICI efficacy. Clinical data show that H. pylori-positive patients have markedly reduced overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with their negative counterparts after ICI therapy.This review summarizes recent advances in H. pylori infection and GC immunotherapy, and the underlying mechanisms, focusing on how H. pylori shapes the tumor immune landscape to impair ICI efficacy. Key molecular pathways, inflammatory cascades, and microbial interactions were also discussed. We evaluated the clinical utility of H. pylori status as a predictive biomarker, and explored combinatorial therapeutic strategies for infected patients. A deeper understanding of H. pylori-driven mechanisms and the development of precision medicine approaches hold promise for enhancing immunotherapy outcomes and offering novel therapeutic avenues for patients with GC.

Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a highly aggressive subtype of lymphoma characterized by a poor prognosis. While immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has emerged as an effective treatment modality for various cancers, its efficacy among individuals is inconsistent and remains suboptimal for the majority of NKTCL patients. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, recognized as a next-generation probiotic with immunomodulatory capabilities, has not yet been fully explored for its potential to influence the outcomes of ICB therapy.

This case report describes a 29-year-old female with recurrent T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia who developed acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG) following daratumumab infusion. The patient, with a history of bone marrow transplantation and head-neck radiotherapy, experienced sudden eye pain and blurred vision minutes after treatment initiation. Ophthalmological examination revealed bilateral closed angles and elevated intraocular pressure. Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed ciliary malrotation and effusion, suggesting choroidal effusion secondary to daratumumab. The condition was successfully managed with topical medications and subsequent infusions were administered with atropine premedication, preventing recurrence. This case highlights bone marrow transplantation as a potential risk factor for daratumumab-induced AACG and demonstrates the effectiveness of atropinization in managing this complication.

Ferroptosis, a form of cell death reliant on iron metabolism dysregulation and lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a promising target for improving tumor drug resistance. This study aims to unveil the underlying molecular mechanisms of Kruppel-like factor 13 (KLF13) in ferroptosis and chemotherapy sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

To investigate axial length (AxL) variability and intraocular lens (IOL) power stability in macular edema (ME) patients undergoing intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy using Lenstar biometry.

The advancement of biomimetic drug delivery systems designed for biomedical applications has attracted considerable attention from researchers in recent years. A particularly noteworthy approach involves the use of various cell membranes, which can impart distinctive functionalities to the nanoparticles, including specific recognition of target cells, prolonged circulation within the bloodstream, and enhanced ability to evade the immune system, as surface coatings on nanoparticles. This innovative strategy has positioned cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMCNPs) as a promising framework for addressing a wide range of diseases more effectively.

The efficacy of second-line therapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is still limited, with the PFS of 2-3 months. Given the synergistic effect of PD-(L)1 inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents, their combination represents a novel and promising strategy to reprogram the protumoral microenvironment and improve patient outcome. However, the efficacy of PD-(L)1 inhibitors plus anlotinib as the second-line treatment of ES-SCLC is undetermined in the real world.

This study aimed to observe the morphological changes and visual outcomes in diabetic macular edema (DME) subtypes based on optical coherence tomography classification following intravitreal injection.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) shows a poor response to targeted therapy drugs for non-triple-negative breast cancer (non-TNBC). Developing anticancer drugs that are effective for both TNBC and non-TNBC cells is necessary. The marine coral Briareum excavatum-derived excavatolide C (EXCC) exhibits anti-bladder cancer cell proliferation. However, the anti-breast cancer properties and drug safety of are unclear.

Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency, but its diagnosis can be challenging in patients with hematologic malignancies or chemotherapy-induced leukopenia due to an impaired inflammatory response. The clinical presentation of acute appendicitis in these patients is often atypical, leading to delayed or misdiagnosis. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of appendectomy in patients with hematologic malignancies or chemotherapy-induced leukopenia and assess the applicability of clinical scoring systems for the diagnosis of an acute appendicitis.